Alexandria
Alexander’s Campaign 334-323 BC Defeated Darius III of Persia Falls apart quickly Importance of his campaign?
Foundation 331 BC Location Ptolemy
Layout Great Harbor Royal Quarter 90° angles; modern Library Necropolis
The Pharos Built 200’s BC 393-450 ft tall Island Heptastadion Lighting system
Ampharos Amp + Pharos
7 Wonders of the Ancient World Pharos at Alexandria Hanging Gardens of Babylon Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Colossus of Rhodes Great Pyramid of Giza Statue of Zeus at Olympia Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
Education & Study Museion (museum) Philosophy, poetry, math, astronomy, geography, anatomy, languages, music Archimedes, Euclid, Eratosthenes, Callimachus Prominence in East
Library 500,000+ volumes of scrolls Greek literature Alexandrian Poets
Alexandria & Rome Caesar vs. Pompey & Senate – Civil War Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIII – co-ruling Greeks Pompey’s assassination Caesar vs. Ptolemy Siege by Ptolemy
End of the Library At least partially burned during Caesar’s visit Ships, dock, library More fire in 3rd cent. Pagan texts Arabic conquest
Cleopatra VII Takes her chance with Caesar Caesarion Sosigenes Octavian/Augustus Goes to Rome with Caesar Public knowledge “Foreign queen” March 15, 44 BC
Post-Shankery Cleopatra returns to Egypt as ruler Octavian & Marc Antony team up to kill Caesar’s assassins Battle from English II class? Cleopatra helps Octavian & Antony
Antony & Cleopatra Antony gets her support while he wages wars Three kids Octavian vs. Antony – new civil war Rome vs. Egypt Battle of Actium – Sep. 2, 31 BC Antony & Cleopatra commit suicide Octavian becomes Augustus, the first emperor of Rome – 27 BC
New Empire 1st century AD Egypt – Breadbasket of empire Personal property of the emperor Trade center Clothes, silk, metals, tools, glass, ivory, wine, oil, rice, honey, wheat, cinnamon, papyrus
Caesareum Started by Cleopatra Finished by Augustus Cleopatra’s Needles
Mixed Demographics Ethnic Greeks in charge Politically, administratively Language Economically Population: Egyptians, Romans, Jews, Africans, Indians Get jealous of the Greeks Riots; imperial interventions Does this still happen today?