Monday, Jan 29 Bell Ringer: Copy slide titled Chapter 2, Section 2 Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders into the workbook on page 17. Red Heading: First Empires Arise in Mesopotamia; Main Idea: Powerful leaders created large, well-organized empires. They established civil and criminal law. Red Heading: Conquests Bring New Empires and Ideas; Main Idea: Later empires brought new technology, and ideas about laws and culture. One of the world’s first libraries is built. Red Heading: The Persians Establish a Huge Empire; Main Idea: The Persians create and unify a large empire. A money economy and a new religion develop. Red Heading: Contributions of Phoenician Sea Traders; Main Idea: The Phoenicians, a sea-trading people, become known for their manufactured goods and spread features of Middle Eastern culture around the Mediterranean, the most important being their alphabet, on which our alphabet is based.

Paideia Seminar: The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi Prompts Clockwise – Retitle the 282 laws written in the Code of Hammurabi. (Cannot use same title as a previous student in this round. All students must respond.) Random –Cite a piece of specific text from the “Code” that demonstrates either legal equality of Babylonian citizens, legal rights of women or other citizens or groups, or consumer protections. Random – Cite a piece of specific text that is similar to any modern laws, Constitutional principles, and/or rules of society and offer an explanation of why you believe it is similar. Counter clockwise – Express your opinion about Hammurabi’s Code based on specific evidence from the text. Explain whether you thought the rules were just or unjust and why by citing a piece of specific text. PLEASE DO NOT USE THE TEXT HIGHLIGHTED. USE THE CODES/LAWS THAT ARE NUMBERED ONLY!!!

Cradles of Civilization in the Eastern Hemisphere

Ancient River Valley Civilizations

ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA Oldest known civilization Cradle of Human Civilization Old Testament Nebuchadnezzar Ziggurat (right) Hanging gardens

Geography This civilization rose in the valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Some say this Fertile Crescent was the real Garden of Eden.

In what modern day country was the Fertile Crescent?

Ur, the capital city of Mesopotamia

Political:What was the earliest kingdom in Mesopotamia? The second?

Ziggurats

Tower of Babel Most well known Ziggurat? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFbmVxh9wmk http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Tower_of_Babel Most well known Ziggurat?

Hanging gardens of Babylonia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ks1UW0y0L9A

The ancient city of Babylon, under King Nebuchadnezzar II, must have been a wonder to the traveler's eyes. "In addition to its size," wrote Herodotus, a historian in 450 BC, "Babylon surpasses in splendor any city in the known world." Herodotus claimed the outer walls were 56 miles in length, 80 feet thick and 320 feet high. Wide enough, he said, to allow a four-horse chariot to turn. The inner walls were "not so thick as the first, but hardly less strong." Inside the walls were fortresses and temples containing immense statues of solid gold. Rising above the city was the famous Tower of Babel, a temple to the god Marduk, that seemed to reach to the heavens

Another painting of the hanging gardens with Tower of Babel in back                                                                 

Political:Mesopotamian Law Code of Hammurabi Oldest set of recorded law “eye for an eye tooth for a tooth” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BsPbqmYwxso

Economic: trade and farming Sumerians (Mesopotamians) were known to trade with the Egyptians and the Indus Valley civilizations. In later years, these trade routes became Silk Road.

Judaism

Judaism originated in the Middle East around 1000 BCE Judaism originated in the Middle East around 1000 BCE. According to Jewish tradition, God chose the Hebrews and helped them to escape slavery in Egypt. Judaism was one of the first monotheistic religions.

Basic Beliefs of Judaism ~The Torah is a sacred scripture recording laws and events in Jewish history and is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. ~Patriarchal with men having authority. ~Laws on food cleanliness called Kosher.

10 Commandments ~God gave Hebrews the 10 Commandments through Moses. ~The Ten Commandments describe how people should behave toward God and one another.

Beliefs Continued… God made a covenant, or promise to Abraham to be the God of the Hebrews. Judaism had a great influence on the later development of Christianity and Islam.

Beliefs Continued… ~David established the kingdom of Israel with the 12 tribes of Israel. ~Solomon built Jerusalem into a capital city and a great temple called Solomon’s Temple. ~Sabbath is a day of rest and worship and is on Saturday. ~Prophets urged social justice and taught codes of ethics and moral standards of behavior.

Jews were discriminated against in the Roman Empire and eventually kicked out of their homeland, Israel, in what is known as the Diaspora.

That concludes Mesopotamia. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GQdh2eGP-Y