Daily Question What do you think the term “organelle” means? Write down your answer in your daily question book.

Cell Types Two major types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells Has a cell wall and cell membrane but genetic material not surround by a membrane. Smaller than eukaryotic cells Must be unicellular No nucleus = Prokaryotic EUKS have NUCS, PROS DON’T

Eukaryotic Cells Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are made of one or more cells. Contain organelles

Cell Shape and Movement Size and shape are part of the function of the cell A cell is made of different structures that work together and keep the cell alive called organelles.

Plant Cells Vs. Animal Cells Plant Cells have Cell Wall Chloroplasts Plant Cells are square. Animals Cells do not have Cell Walls Animal Cells are round.

Cell Membrane Controls which substances pass in and out of the cell (selectively permeable) Made of phospholipids and proteins Found in all cells

Cell Wall Found in Lies outside the cell membrane Plant, fungal, bacterial, and some protists Lies outside the cell membrane Rigid, helps support and protect from viruses Contains cellulose Color - Gold

Cell Appendages Flagella Cilia Assist in movement Long, hair/tail like organelles that extend from surface of cell Cilia Short hairlike structures Assist in movement

Cytoplasm Area between cell membrane and nucleus Fluid inside the cell made of water, salts and other molecules Contains organelles Color - Yellow

Cytoskeleton Network of long protein threads located in cytoplasm Maintains shape and size Participates in movement

Daily Question – 2/21/17 List the differences between a prokaryotic cell and an eukaryotic cell. Give an example of each. What is the difference between a cell wall and a cell membrane?

Cell Organelles Tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell. Produce energy from food, build and transport needed materials, storing information and store and recycle wastes Can you name any???

Nucleus Stores DNA Directs all of the cell’s activities Nuclear membrane – double membrane surrounding nucleus Nuclear pores – small holes in nuclear envelope Nucleolus – where ribosomes are made Nucleus – Purple; Nucleolus – Pink; Nuclear Membrane - Red

Chromatin Are thin strands floating in the nucleus. Is the genetic material (DNA), or the instructions that direct the functions of the cell. Color – Bolder (black)

Manufacturing Molecules

Ribosomes Not surrounded by membrane Assembles protein Free or Attached to ER

Endoplasmic Reticulum System of membranous tubules and sacs that help molecules move from one part to another Amount depends on cell activity Rough - Have ribosomes – where proteins are made Smooth – Don’t have ribosomes- where lipids are produced

Processing Energy

Mitochondria Makes ATP – energy molecule in the cell 2 membranes Smooth outer Inner membrane Cristae – increase surface area Has own DNA

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts Membrane bound organelle Use light to make food (sugar – glucose) from water and CO2 Photosynthesis Green!

Daily Question 3/6/17 1. Draw a picture of either a plant or animal cell. 3. When everyone is done, you are going to exchange papers and label the type of cell and the organelles that are drawn. Do NOT use your notes! 2. In that cell draw at least 5 different organelles.

Processing, Transporting, and Storing Molecules Golgi Body Vesicles Lysosomes Vacuoles

Golgi Body Processing, packaging and secreting proteins. Works with ER; modifies proteins exported by the cell Exports proteins in vesicles

Lysosomes Enclose hydrolytic enzymes w/in a single membrane Digests proteins, carbs, lipids, DNA, RNA, old organelles                                                                                 

Vacuoles Fluid filled organelle Stores food, water, and waste Can be LARGE (in a plant) smaller (in an animal).

Cell Factory Inside a Cell - Video

Specialized Cells Are found in multi-cellular organisms The structure of each kind of cell is suited to the unique function it carries out within the organism. How is a blood cell suited for the job that it does? Nerve Cell?