Cell Structure and Function NC Essential Standards Structure and Functions of Living Organisms Bio.1.1, Bio.1.2 Unit Topics Cell Structure: Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic, Plant cells vs. Animal cells, Organelle Structure and Function Cell Function: Organelle Structure and Function, Cell Specialization and Communication, Homeostasis, The Cell Cycle K. Nifong; 2013

Organization of Living Things All living things are organized. CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan SystemsOrganism Why are cells so important?

The Cell Theory

The Cell Theory – 3 Parts! 1. Cells are the basic unit of life! 2. All organisms are made of cells! Building The Cell Theory Anton Von Leeuwenhoek Described cells in pond water looking through a simple microscope Robert Hooke Used compound microscope; studied cork and said it looked like cells Schleiden and Schwann All plants and animals are made of cells! Rudolph Virchow 3. New cells only come from existing cells

Cell type comparisons

Major Cell Types PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC

Major Cell Types No membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes Present PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC No membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes Present No Nucleus Plasmids of circular DNA Smaller Simple Mostly Unicellular Ex. BACTERIA Membrane-bound organelles: mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, etc. Ribosomes present Nucleus!!! DNA in nucleus Larger Complex: Specialization! Mostly Multicellular Ex. PLANTS, ANIMALS, FUNGI, PROTISTS

Eukaryotic Cell Types

Eukaryotic Cell Types PLANT CELLS Chloroplasts Vacuoles – LARGE! photosynthesis Vacuoles – LARGE! Store water, salts, etc. Helps maintain structure of cell wall Cell Wall Provides structural support, rigid ANIMAL CELLS Do not have those 3 structures Why not? (*Animal cells/do have vacuoles – much smaller)