Cell Types

Essential Question: 1.) What are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Cells Smallest living unit Most are microscopic Building blocks of life

Organelles – “ Mini Organs” Organelles are parts of the cell that help it function A cell has organelles like we have organs

Cell Types Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic Cells The “simple” type of cell First cell type on earth! Bacteria and Archaea (ancient bacteria)

Prokaryotic Cells No nucleus Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration

Prokaryotic Cells Only have a few organelles: Cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes

Eukaryotic Cells Include fungi, plant, animal cells, and protists

Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus is bound by membrane Possess many organelles (all that prokaryotes have plus many more)

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Cell Notes Part 2: Organelles

Organelles (review from yesterday) Organelles are parts of the cell that help it function A cell has organelles like we have organs

What do all cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic) have?

Cell Membrane Surrounds cell contents Allows materials to go in and out of cell It is like a fence with gates

Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid that supports organelles Fills up all of the “in between” space Its like a thick broth when you make soup

DNA Material inherited from your parents Controls the activities of the cell It’s like a “blueprint”

Ribosomes Make proteins Proteins do things like move stuff in and out of the cell They are like the lunch staff at school

What do only eukaryotic cells have?

Nucleus Control center of cell because it has DNA Big circle towards the middle (like the onion cells we saw) Its like the brain of the cell

Nucleolus At the center of the nucleus Materials for ribosomes found here

Endoplasmic Reticulum Helps move substances within cells Its like the cell delivery system (Two types Rough ER—ribosomes attached Smooth ER—no ribosomes present)

Mitochondria Break down fuel molecules to make energy Like the power plant of the cell

Golgi Apparatus Sends proteins and other materials out of cell Its like the packaging & shipping station of cell

Golgi Apparatus Function Molecules come in vesicles 2. Vesicles join Golgi membrane 3. Molecules may be modified or changed by Golgi

Golgi Apparatus Function (Continued) 4. Molecules pinched-off in separate vesicle 5. Vesicle leaves Golgi apparatus 6. Vesicles may combine with cell membrane to distribute contents

Vacuoles Membrane bound storage sacs More common in plants than animals Like the lunchbox of the cell Contents Water Food Wastes

Lysosomes Functions Aid in cell renewal Break down old cell parts Digests invaders *Like the cleaner of the cell

Things found only in plant cells

Cell Walls Found ONLY in plant cells (and some prokaryotic cells) . Rigid layer that surrounds cell membrane

Chloroplasts Solar energy capturing organelle Photosynthesis occurs here Only in plants