Richard Nixon 1969 - 1974

Quiz Compare and contrast Nixon’s involvement in Argentina and Chile. Give two examples of how Nixon tried to remove power from the Federal Government. Name one influence that affected a decision of Nixon’s. Do you think Nixon could be considered a successful President in spite of the Watergate scandal?

General Info - Ideology Nixon was a right-wing conservative Less government involvement - less spending Slow to make changes Tough - Law and Order Society, opposed civil rights progress Self- serving and paranoid: “He was never one to let principles stand in the way of politics”

General Info - Economy The economy suffered horribly under Nixon - Stagflation Inflation and unemployment Huge deficit going into administration Oil crisis - supported Yom Kippur War and lost suppliers

1968 Election The country was a mess - MLK, Robert Kennedy had been shot, Vietnam war - protests, riots The economy was beginning to fall - first time since WWII Nixon presented himself as iron-fisted - “Law and Order Society” This made Nixon seem in control, and could restore a peaceful and orderly country

Environmental Quality Control A Council on Environmental Quality met in 1970 to address environmental concerns. Established Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Clean Air Act, Noise control act, Marine Mammal protection act, Endangered Species act, Safe Drinking Water Act

War Powers Resolution People were upset about Vietnam - felt that Johnson was too authoritative War Powers Resolution reformatted the way the government declared war, now President could take military action, but had to end that action after 90 days if not approved by congress

State and Local Assistance Act Suburbanization caused financial problems in cities and states Nixon granted aid to cities More money to State and Local governments More flexible aid - each government could decide their “high priorities” This was greatly beneficial to local governments, but did not help the existing federal deficit

Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act Native Americans had gained much recognition and respect People compared the situation in Vietnam to American colonization Civil Rights movements in the sixties included Native Americans Self-Determination Act allowed Native American leaders to ask the federal government for money, and use it as they liked This included federally supported, Native-American run schools for the first time

1972 Presidential Campaign “Aggressive campaigning” - Nixon was terrified of losing He realized the mistakes of his Presidency, and wanted the people to elect him anyway - hadn’t accomplished much Used “Dirty Tricks,” including false accusations, manipulating the Democratic race, and...

Watergate Timeline June 1972 - Burglars arrested, White house denies involvement August 1972 - First evidence of bribe January 1973 - James McCord and G. Gordon Liddy convicted May 1973 - Televised hearings begin July 1973 - Tapes discovered, Nixon refuses to release them April 1974 - Edited transcripts released July 1974 - Supreme Court mandates tapes must be released August 1974 - Nixon resigns

Chile and Pinochet Coup Declassified documents revealed, Nixon and Henry Kissinger supported the Chilean military coup of Allende. Kissinger urged Nixon to intervene and overthrow the Allende government, discussed “preemptive coup” only 8 days after the election.

Chile and Pinochet Coup CIA ordered to “make the economy scream” to stop Allende’s rise to power. US covert operations led to the assassination of Chilean Commander in Chief, Rene Schneider

Argentina Military Regime Declassified documents once again revealed US support of military dictatorship in Argentina. “If there are things that have to be done, you should do them quickly. But you must get back quickly to normal procedures.” - Kissinger to Cesar Augusto Guzzetti Kissinger supported Argentina taking care of their “terrorist problem”

Ping Pong Diplomacy US table tennis team invited to the People’s Republic of China in April 1971 for the world table tennis championship. A year later, with intentions of repairing US China relations, Mao Zedong invites President Nixon to visit Beijing. 20 year embargo on China lifted. China was invited to the US in April of 1972.

Quiz Compare and contrast Nixon’s involvement in Argentina and Chile. Give two examples of how Nixon tried to remove power from the Federal Government. Name one influence that affected a decision of Nixon’s. Do you think Nixon could be considered a successful President in spite of the Watergate scandal?

Sources Cited Fefferman, Arthur S. 1972. "THE STATE AND LOCAL FISCAL ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1972." National Tax Journal 25, no. 3: 473-478.Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 2, 2016). Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Public Works. 1970. Report of the Council on Environmental Quality. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution of the Committee on Public Works, 91st Congress, Second Session, August 11, 1970. n.p.: 1970. ERIC, EBSCOhost (accessed March 2, 2016) Majerol, Veronica. "Watergate." New York Times Upfront, March 12, 2012, 144th ed., sec. 11. Accessed March 7, 2016. Smith, Patricia. "Going to War: Who Decides?" New York Times Upfront, October 7, 2013, 146th ed. Accessed March 7, 2016. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Indian Affairs No. 93-638 (1975). 1994 Amendment Edmunds, R. David. "Native Americans, new voices: American Indian history, 1895-1995." American Historical Review 100, no. 3 (June 1995): 717. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed March 7, 2016). Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia. “Richard Nixon: Domestic Affairs.” Accessed March 11, 2016. http://millercenter.org­/president/biography/nixon-domestic-affairs.

Sources Cited Dalle Valle, Laura. Nixon's Presidency. PowerPoint Presentation, Reagan IB High School. Kornbluh, Peter. The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability. New York: New Press, 2003. Harmer, Tanya. "Fractious Allies: Chile, the United States, and the Cold War, 1973-1976." Diplomatic History. 37, no. 1 (January 2013): 109-43. Accessed March 7, 2016. Ibrahim Mamdouh Al-Sayed Fouda, “Ping Pong Diplomacy Between The United States of America and China” Helms Telkon, phone call to Henry Kissinger, September 12, 1970 Helms Telkon, phone call to Henry Kissinger, September 16, 1973 Viron Vaky to Henry Kissinger, Chile --40 Commitee Meeting, September 14 1970 Rey, Debora. "Kissinger Kill Plot Probe." Herald Sun, August 10, 2001. Accessed March 7, 2016. Richards, Barney. "What About Kissinger?" The Dominion Post, October 9, 2001.