The Thirty Years War 1618-1648.

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Presentation transcript:

The Thirty Years War 1618-1648

Alliances Protestant Union formed 1608, Catholic League formed 1609 German princes seek protection from each other

War Begins Ferdinand, Catholic King of Bohemia closes Protestant churches Defenestration of Prague, Ferdinand’s officials thrown from window Beginning of 30 Years War

1st Phase (Bohemian Phase) Civil War in Bohemia Catholics Vs Protestants Ferdinand wins, elected Holy Roman Empire Forces Bohemia to convert

2nd Phase (Danish Phase) Protestant, Christian IV of Denmark invades Catholics win more victories under leadership of mercenary Albert Wallenstein Seeks to create his own empire Catholic forces divided

Edict of Restitution 1629 Only Catholicism and Lutheranism allowed, no Calvinism Restores lost Catholic lands to 1552 owners

3rd Phase (Swedish Phase) Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden comes to aid Protestants With financial support of France and Cardinal Richelieu Seek to weaken Habsburg power

4th Phase (French/ International Phase) French openly join the war Declare war on Spain Ends Habsburg hope of a unified Germany War drags on killing millions and hurting German economy and agriculture

Peace of Westphalia 1648 End of Religious Wars, reconfirms Peace of Augsburg, allows Calvinism Increases independence of German Princes Weakens HRE, ensuring disunity Pope shut out of German affairs Spain & Austria weakened France gets territory of Alsace Sweden gets money and Baltic states Dutch and Swiss gain independence