Poverty Accessibility to Resources & Services Around the World A GIS Analysis by: Piecora, Patterson, Ledo-Massey & Alverez A GIS Analysis by: Katie Piecora Keith Patterson Rafaella Ledo-Massey Jarily Alverez

DEPRIVATION IN WELL-BEING Low Income Lack of Clean Water Lack of Basic Services Lack of Basic Goods No opportunity to better one’s life Low Sanitation DEPRIVATION IN WELL-BEING Limited Health Care No Voice No Surviving Dignity Inadequate Physical Security Limited Education Poverty Defined

0% 1-16% 17-23% 24-30% Poverty Map 31-42% 43-57% 58-88% Problem Many countries have more people living in extreme poverty than above the poverty line

Areas of Poverty = Lowest access to services needed for “Wellbeing” Areas of poverty have the lowest access to the services necessary to fulfill the “Foundations of Wellbeing” (nutritious food, primary education, and health care) in comparison to middle and high income areas. Hypothesis

Scope Evaluation of basic resources and services in high poverty areas Due to the unavailability of indicators such as international grocery stores/marketplaces, international primary school locations, and international health care systems, other related indicators were implemented. The agricultural land indicator represented access to food (assuming that all countries use their agricultural lands to feed the people of that country and no import or export takes place). Female and male literacy indicators were used to evaluate primary education. And lastly, a life expectancy indicator was used to represent access to health services. Scope Evaluation of basic resources and services in high poverty areas

Creating New Agriculture Indicator Shapefile: New Indicator Boundary (World) Percentage of Agricultural Lands Shapefile Join Export Clean Excel file to match world shapefile Export new joined table as a new shapefile named Percentage of Agricultural Lands Join “Country Name” field for World shapefile and Agricultural excel file B Excel File: Percentage of Agricultural Lands (World Bank) Creating New Agriculture Indicator

Food Agricultural Land Indicator 1-15 16-26 27-39 40-52 53-65 66-82 1-15 This map contains data on the percentage of land used for agriculture. Our team created this indicator using data from the USDA database. By cleaning up the excel file to match the country names in the world shapefile, we were able to join the tables and create the food test indicator. Lightest areas are in Africa=BAD 16-26 27-39 40-52 53-65 66-82

Primary Education Male & Female Literacy Male Female 1-41 42-65 66-82 This map contains data on the percentage of land used for agriculture. Our team created this indicator using data from the USDA database. By cleaning up the excel file to match the country names in the world shapefile, we were able to join the tables and create the food test indicator. Africa and South Asia have the lowest literacy rates based on our data 1-41 42-65 66-82 83-89 90-95 96-100

Health Care Life Expectancy 1-56 57-65 66-71 72-75 76-79 80-83 1-56 This map shows data on life expectancy in every country. Again with Africa by far having the lowest life expectancy and therefore health care 57-65 66-71 72-75 76-79 80-83

5 maps to analyze relationships between 3 indicators and % of poverty Objectives

Development of Indicators Parcels Union Reclassify Food Map Acquire Parcels (.shp) Percentage in Poverty Percentage of Agricultural lands Union Percentage in Poverty with Percentage of Agricultural lands using the “Country” field Reclassify Symbology ranges to contain 6 classes and change color to green Parcels Union Reclassify Education Map Acquire Parcels (.shp) Percentage in Poverty Male Literacy Female Literacy Union Percentage in Poverty with literacy rates of male and female using the “Country” field Reclassify Symbology ranges to contain 6 classes and change color to blue Parcels Union Reclassify Healthcare Map Acquire Parcels (.shp) Percentage in Poverty Life Expectancy Union Percentage in Poverty with Life Expectancy using the “Country” Field Reclassify Symbology ranges to contain 6 classes and change color to orange Development of Indicators

Agriculture Percentage & Poverty 1 2 3 4 5 6 Agriculture Percentage & Poverty

Life Expectancy & Poverty 1 2 3 4 5 6 indicated a relationship between countries with high percentages of poverty and low life expectancy. Areas of significance include Central and West African countries with final ranks in the 4-6 range Mexico with a final rank of 3-4. Colombia, Bolivia, Paraguay, Afghanistan, and Mongolia also showed significant results with final ranks in the 4-6 range. Life Expectancy & Poverty

1 2 3 4 5 6 shows a strong correlation between countries with high percentages of poverty and low literacy rates. Areas of interest include Central and West Africa with numerous countries earning a final rank in the 5-6 range, Mexico with a final rank of 3-4 Middle East and Malaysia with final ranks ranging from 3-6. Countries with a final rank of 0 did not supply any literacy data. Literacy & Poverty

Development of Overall Map Parcels Union Reclassify Overall Map Acquire Parcels (.shp) Percentage in Poverty Percentage of Agricultural Lands Literacy Rates (Female/Male) Life Expectancy Union Overall Map = PercofPoverty +PercofAg +FemaleLiteracy/MaleLieracy +LifeExpectancy Reclassify Symbology ranges to contain 6 classes and change color to grey Development of Overall Map

All Indicators + Poverty 1 2 3 4 5 6 Countries with the final rank of 0 either had no data supplied for one or more of the test indicators or showed no correlation between the indicators. A final rank of 6 indicates a strong correlation between high percent poverty, low access to food, low access to primary education, and low access to health care services in those countries. All Indicators + Poverty

Hypothesis Supported Conclusion POVERTY high % HEALTH PRIMARY CARE EDUCATION FOOD significant correlations between countries with high percentage of poverty and low percentage of agricultural land, literacy rates, and life expectancy. support the hypothesis in that areas with high poverty have limited access to nutritious food, primary education, and health care services. This lack of access to services, prevents these regions from fulfilling The Social Progress Imperative’s “Foundations of Well­Being” Index and, therefore, denies them access to the potentials granted by the “Opportunity” Index. low % Conclusion

and the poverty cycle goes on … This lack of access to services, prevents these regions from fulfilling The Social Progress Imperative’s “Foundations of Well­Being” Index and, therefore, denies them access to the potentials granted by the “Opportunity” Index. and the poverty cycle goes on …