Modern World System April 18, 2005
Modern World System Modernity World Systems Theory Enlightenment Postmodernity Network Society
World Systems Theory Global economic order based on wealth differentials Capital: wealth or resources invested in business to produce profit (return on investment) Income: wages or salary as return on labor (working class)
World Systems Theory Core: geographic centers of power and wealth Periphery: labor intensive production of raw materials and agricultural goods for export Semiperiphery: Intermediate; export industrial goods, but lack core’s political/economic dominance
Industrial Revolution Factory Production Urban Growth Cheap Goods Cheap Labor Population Growth Beginning Around 1750
Enlightenment Age of Reason (1600-1800) Science, Reason, Efficiency Linear Progress Liberal Democracy Industry: application of technology
Industrial Stratification Adam Smith Benevolent Capitalism “The Market” “Invisible Hand”
Industrial Stratification Karl Marx Bourgeoisie (capitalists) Proletariat (working class) Industrialization led to greater inequality
Industrial Stratification Max Weber “Iron Cage” Wealth (Economic Status) Power (Political Status) Prestige (Social Status)
Rise of Modernism Reaction against conditions of production Machines, Factory, Cities
Paradox of Modernity Mass production Mass consumption Greater health Lower infant mortality Alienation of Individual Environmental degradation Holocaust Hiroshima/Nagasaki Nuclear Threat
Paradox of Modernity
Meta-Narrative Large-scale theoretical ideas that attempt a universal human history Christianity Progress/Reason
Industrial Capitalism Industrialism Manifest Destiny Social Darwinism Eugenics
Socialism Bolshevik Revolution 1917
Fascism/Nationalism Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan Based on nationalism or racism
Fordism Taylor: Principles of Scientific Management Henry Ford: Assembly Line Combined Mass Production with Mass Consumption
High Modernism Logical Positivism: use of science to achieve technical control City as “Living Machine” Houses as “Machines for Living”
High Modernism
High Modernism
High Modernism & World System Colonialism Ends Nation-State System Emerges Corporate-American Orientation Marshall Plan; World Bank; IMF Soviet Union & China
Modernity: Good or Bad? Science Medicine Technology Health Hunger
Modernity: Good or Bad?
Modernity: Main Themes Follows Enlightenment “Progress” Rational, Efficient, Scientific Some Central Theme Progress, Capitalism, Socialism etc.
“The Machine”