Roman Republic
Lesson #9-Roman Republic Objective(s): Discuss the major events, people, and ideas from the Roman Republic. Agenda: Greece and Hebrews Quiz, Bellwork, Roman Republic Notes, Exit Ticket Bellwork: Review the image and respond to the questions below -What would you compare this ancient structure to in the modern world? -What do you think/know happened here? -What does this stadium tell you about the culture that built it?
The Beginning of Rome Cultural crossroads Water Alps & Apennines Agriculture City of Rome Tiber & 7 hills Latium Greeks and Etruscans
What effect does geography have on the rise of Roman civilization? How did the Greeks and Etruscans influence Rome?
Conquering Territories Overthrew Etruscans in 509 BCE Established a republic Acquired most of Italy in the next 200 years Military outposts Construction Roman Confederation Well trained army Legions video clip
Why were the romans able to expand their control of Italy?
Government Struggle between two classes: Government Structure: Patrician Plebeians Government Structure: Three branches (creation of laws, daily affairs, interpretation of laws) Checks and balances Term limits (in some cases) Consuls-two patricians headed the government; administrators and army leaders Praetors-judges and led armies Senate-300 patrician men; served for life Assembly of Centuries-elected consuls and praetors; passed laws; controlled by patricians
Law Frustrated plebeians Dictators during crisis 494 BCE-refusal to serve in army Council of Plebs-elected tribunes to protect plebeian rights Twelve Tables in 451 BCE-foundation for all Roman laws Supported political equality 287 BCE-all male citizens equal (politically) Dictators during crisis Law of Nations-applied to all conquered peoples Influential on American Law: Innocent until proven guilty Right to defend themselves before a judge Judges are to consider evidence before ruling Rule of law
How did conflict between classes change Rome’s government?
Punic Wars Beginning in 264 BCE 120 years Carthage Sicily (1st) Primary rival during this time Most wealthy city in Mediterranean Sicily (1st) Spain, Hannibal, and his elephants (2nd) Acquisition of Greece and destruction of Carthage (3rd)
How did Hannibal lose the Second Punic War?
End of the Republic Gap between rich and poor Decline in agriculturedebt Large scale farms owned by patricians Unemployment”bread and circuses” Gracchus brothers attempted reform and murder Marius and military reform in 2nd century Authority of generals—gave land to soldiers=loyalty and powershift in power structure Professional army Struggle for power
Rise of Julius Caesar 60 BCE -First Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar) Caesar takes power in 44 BCE-declares himself dictator for life Appointed friends to senate Gave jobs, citizenship, and land to the poor Julian Calendar (365 days, 12 months, leap year)-used until 16th century Beware of the Ides of March video clip
What led to the decline of the Republic and rise of Julius Caesar?
From Republic to Empire 43 BCE-Second Triumvirate (Octavian, Mark Antony, Marcus Lepidus) Split empire Octavian vs Mark Antony and Cleopatra 31 BCE Octavian claims Egypt for Rome Mark Antony and Cleopatra kill themselves Octavian becomes Caesar Augustus in 27 BCE-first emperor
How did Rome become and Empire? Lesson #9 Exit Ticket How did Rome become and Empire?