Malcolm X’s thoughts The same white element that put Kennedy in power —— labor, the Catholics, the Jews, and liberal Protestants; [the] same clique that.

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Malcolm X’s thoughts The same white element that put Kennedy in power —— labor, the Catholics, the Jews, and liberal Protestants; [the] same clique that put Kennedy in power, joined the march on Washington. It’s just like when you’ve got some coffee that’s too black, which means it’s too strong. What you do? You integrate it with cream; you make it weak. If you pour too much cream in, you won’t even know you ever had coffee. It used to be hot, it becomes cool. It used to be strong, it becomes weak. It used to wake you up, now it’ll put you to sleep. This is what they did with the march on Washington. They joined it. They didn’t integrate it; they infiltrated it. They joined it, became a part of it, took it over. And as they took it over, it lost its militancy. They ceased to be angry. They ceased to be hot. They ceased to be uncompromising. Why, it even ceased to be a march. It became a picnic, a circus. Nothing but a circus, with clowns and all. No, it was a sellout. It was a takeover.

Split in the movement

Split after Selma Nonviolence & integration Self-defense & separatism

1964 Civil Rights Bill Segregation ended in public places Sped up school desegregation. EEOC: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

1965 Voting Rights Act Eliminated voter literacy tests Enabled federal examiners to register voters. 2006-renewed

Malcolm X

Malcolm X Born Omaha 1925 3 brothers killed by white men Graduated Jr. High at the top of his class When he told a high school teacher his goal of being a lawyer, the teacher said it was “no realistic goal for a nigger.”

Malcolm Little 1947, sentenced to 12 years in prison In prison, he converted to Nation of Islam Supported separatism rather than integration

Malcolm followed Elijah Muhammad – Preacher for Nation of Islam

Split w/ Nation of Islam Malcolm broke with Elijah Muhammad in 1964 Converted to traditional Islam Traveled to Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 1964 Began to argue for integration instead of separatism

Malcolm X’s Views Self-Defense & Self-Reliance Black Pride Violence if necessary True equality Separatism / (later) Integration

Malcolm assassinated in 1965 by his ex-followers

Book recommendation