End of WWI.

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Presentation transcript:

End of WWI

Review of Thursday/Friday

Collapse of the Central Powers Second Battle of the Marne (1918) Final German offensive (think Lost Battalion) in France 40 miles away from Paris Weakened army + 2 million fresh Americans = Allied victory Central Powers surrender Ottomans surrender with Bulgarians Revolution in October removes Austria-Hungary German soldiers mutiny and German people turn on Kaiser Wilhelm Collapse of the Central Powers

Armistice of 11 November 1918 Armistice- formal agreement to stop fighting “Eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month” Inspired by Wilson’s 14 Points Signed in a French railcar by German politicians Allies would occupy the Rhineland End of military hostilities Removal of German troops from fronts Surrender of U-Boats and war materials Release of Allied POWs, German ones to be released after peace treaty

Total global warfare led to extreme death and destruction About 17 million dead and 20 million wounded Civilians and soldiers, battlefield and hospitals, all countries Economic drain on resources Treasuries of many countries ruined Approx. $400 billion cost of war Farmland, towns, cities destroyed as well What next??? Armistice is NOT a peace treaty What should Allies do with defeated Central Powers? Legacy of WWI

Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points Wilson drew up 14 Points in 1918 (war still raging) Content of Treaty 1-4: end secret treaties, free seas, free trade, reduce armies 5: fairness to colonies 6-13: New borders, self-determination 14: League of Nations- International peacekeeping organization In general, he wanted peace for all countries, NOT looking for revenge! Final Treaty of Versailles was rejected by Wilson United States did NOT join the League Stay out of world affairs Republicans stick it to Wilson Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points

Treaty of Versailles Paris Peace Conference in January 1919 Big 4 with no representation for Russia, Germany, and Central Powers US wanted peace, GB and F wanted revenge Final results in June 1919 (BRAT) Germany had to accept the Blame, war-guilt clause Germany had to pay Reparations for war damage Germany could not have subs, air force and limited army/navy Germany lost Territory and mandates were given to Allies by League of Nations Treaty of Versailles