Micro Air Vehicle Rotor Design Considerations

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Presentation transcript:

Micro Air Vehicle Rotor Design Considerations Principal researcher-Travis Skinner, Arizona State University Industry advisor-Ron koontz, The Boeing Company I’ve been interested in drones and micro air vehicles for quite a while. In fact, I am a member of Arizona State University’s Micro Air Vehicle Club and have been involved in their work for about a year. As a member of the club and as someone with a general interest in the future of drones and micro air vehicles I am interested in optimizing the performance of these ingenious vehicles.

Micro air vehicle (MAV) Taken from http://fas.org/irp/program/collect/docs/mav_auvsi.htm Technically less than 6 in3 Term used loosely to describe “very small” air vehicles Taken from https://3dr.com/solo-drone/ Taken from https://www.radioshack.com/ Before I get too far ahead of myself, I want to make sure we’re clear on the definition. Just how small does an air vehicle have to be in order to be considered “micro?” The technical definition is no more than 6 inches in any dimension. (figure 1) This is what the technical definition would consider “micro” air vehicles. Generally though the term is used fairly loosely to describe air vehicles that are very small as these drones you see here. These drones produce lift with rotary wings (propellers). If I optimize propeller, I improve performance of many different types of drones.

Key Propeller Parameters Low speed MAVs can be characterized by studying hover case and the following parameters Chord Length Blade Twist Number of Blades The project I was working on was to optimize the hover case, so I focused on chord length, blade twist, and number of blades. Most commercial propellers are designed to improve forward flight, so hover suffers. For low speed applications, the best performance is seen by optimizing blades for hover. This is done by finding the best combination of chord length, blade twist, and number of blades.

Chord length Imaginary line from blade leading edge to trailing edge Taken from https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17494480

Blade twist Blade Number Variation in airfoil pitch from blade root to tip Varies angle of attack along blade length to maximize overall lift and equalize lift distribution along blade Discuss how blade twist equalizes lift distribution. Typical MAVs utilize two or three bladed propellers

Designing Custom combinations of airfoil profiles Clark Y Eppler E63 Blade design using SolidWorks 2015 Clark Y Describe process of blending rotor profiles in SolidWorks. Eppler E63: Generates more lift—used close to root. Especially good for small, low Reynolds number applications. Transition to ClarkY at about 1/3 the length of the blade. Eppler E63

3-D Printing 3-D Printing Technology using PLA plastic Talk about how we built the printer and used it to print the propellers PLA stands for polylactic acid

Parametric parameter Testing Throttle control with Arduino Uno Microcontroller Custom test apparatus for measuring propeller thrust

RESULTS-NUMBER OF BLADES RESULTS-CHORD LENGTH RESULTS-BLADE TWIST 3 blades produce more thrust than 2 blades for same throttle setting Lift per blade significantly decreases RESULTS-NUMBER OF BLADES Larger chord length generates higher thrust RESULTS-CHORD LENGTH Thrust increases as twist angle increases RESULTS-BLADE TWIST

Conclusions and Future work In general: Higher blade twist means better lift Larger chord length generates more lift More blades generate more lift Each improvement comes at a cost. Future Work Determine relative cost of blade improvements in terms of battery drain Further analysis of motor performance Is a marginal increase in lift worth doubling the print time?