Cellular Respiration

On an index card: Write your name Write whether or not you think the yeast that Ms. Sarfati shows you is alive. Write WHY you think it is or is not alive. Keep your card on your desk until after the notes.

Essential ?s How does the food that we eat get turned into energy that our bodies use? What happens to the oxygen we breathe in and why do we breathe out carbon dioxide? What allows our bodies to keep producing energy even when we’ve been exercising really hard for long periods of time?

Review What is ATP? How do our bodies get energy from ATP? Chemical energy used to power all of our bodies processes How do our bodies get energy from ATP? By releasing a phosphate and becoming ADP In what cell organelle is energy turned into ATP? Mitochondria What is glucose? Glucose is a simple sugar that is used to fuel our bodies. The majority of the food we eat gets broken down into glucose to be used for energy It’s formula is C6H12O6 Plants make this!

What is cellular respiration? Animals eat food Plants make food by a process called photosynthesis. In both cases, however, energy must first be converted into a form that can easily be used by cells. This process is called cellular respiration.

How does our food get turned into energy? CELL RESPIRATION! Food is broken down and glucose (sugars) from food is sent to your blood for energy purposes Glucose = C6H12O6 One of the most important biochemical reactions in existence

First step: Glycolysis glucose breakdown c c c c c c Break down Carbon backbone of glucose (C6H12O6)

First step: Glycolysis glucose breakdown c c c c c% c Break down Carbon backbone of glucose (C6H12O6) Makes 2 ATP molecules without oxygen

After Glycolysis, the organism has two options for energy: Aerobic Respiration = Makes WAY more energy, best option but REQUIRES OXYGEN Anaerobic Respiration – can make small amounts of energy in the absence of oxygen. Cannot live off of anaerobic respiration alone.

Anaerobic Respiration (NO OXYGEN) Fermentation: process of releasing energy from food by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen 2 types: Lactic Acid and Alcoholic Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation is the method of ATP production that occurs in the cells of your muscles when oxygen runs out. Lactic acid buildup in muscles = muscles are sore after a workout! Also occurs in unicellular organisms = cheese and yogurt are made from it!

Alcoholic Fermentation Occurs in yeast and other microorganisms The fermentation of sugar by yeast produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol. What gas is filling up the balloon?

Why do we need to breathe in oxygen to survive? In the presence of oxygen, glucose gets turned into energy with water and carbon dioxide as waste products. Cell respiration with oxygen = AEROBIC Respiration

Aerobic Respiration (OXYGEN IS PRESENT!) Produces WAY more ATP than anaerobic respiration (fermentation) Need this to survive

Equation 6O2 + C6 H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Oxygen + Glucose  + Water + Energy Carbon Dioxide

Essential ?s Revisited How does the food that we eat get turned into energy that our bodies use? What happens to the oxygen we breathe in and why do we breathe out carbon dioxide? What allows our bodies to keep producing energy even when we’ve been exercising really hard for long periods of time?

On the back of your index card Now do you think yeast is alive? Why or why not? Is the process going on in the water bottle anaerobic or aerobic? What kind of fermentation is going on in this demonstration? Can your body carry out the same kind of fermentation as yeast? What gas is blowing up the balloon?