Cell Types: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Characteristics of Living Things Living things respond to their environment Living things need energy Living things grow  Living things reproduce Living things must get rid of waste Living things are made of cells Take in nutrients See page 10 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Cell Theory The cell is the basic unit of life. All organisms are composed of one or more cells. All cells come from other living cells. See pages 31-32 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007

Cells can be classified into two main groups Video Amoeba Sisters Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruBAHiij4EA

Prokaryotic Cells Are cells without a nucleus Simpler than eukaryotic cells Have few internal structures Internal structure are not surround by membranes Unicellular organisms all bacteria are prokaryotes Example E. coli

Eukaryotic Cells Have a nucleus, which contains genetic material Have organelles (internal structures which carry out cell processes) surrounded by membranes Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells Unicellular or multicellular organisms Example: any cell from a plant, animal  Un

Examples of Eukaryotic Cell Unicelluar:  Amoeba Paramecium Multicellular:  Any cell from a plant or animal

Prokaryotes are much smaller than Eukaryotes

Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Characteristic Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cell Genetic material contained in nucleus, surrounded by a membrane No Yes Organelles surrounded by membranes Size and Complexity Smaller, less complex About 10x as large and more complex Can carry out all processes needed to stay alive Example Bacterium Liver cell of an animal

Bacteria and Viruses

Difference between Bacteria and Virus Amoeba Sisters    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxM_9DL2GYw

(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Bacteria Bacteria are prokaryotic cells Bacteria are unicellular micro-organisms Some bacteria are harmful and cause diseases such as: tuberculosis and strep throat. Some bacteria are helpful - used to make food such as: cheese and yogurt, some have digestive enzymes that help digest food in our intestines. Bacteria are very small (microscopic) Can vary from 1nm-20nm in length See pages 33 - 34 (c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007 Take the Section 1.2 Quiz

Bacteria are very small Average range is 1um – 20 nm in length mm = millimeter 1/1000 of a meter um = micrometer 1/1000 000 of a meter Nm = nanometer 1/100 000 000 of a meter So 1 um is 1/1000 of a millimeter

Bacteria Bacteria are often grouped by the shape of their cells.

Viruses Viruses are tiny non-living particles capable of producing only when they are inside a host cell. Viruses do not contain any cell organelles but do contain genetic material (DNA or RNA) Viruses can reproduce by using a host cell. Examples: HIV, chicken pox, and influenza

Virus Structure

Virus Life Cycle The virus attaches to a specific host cell. The virus injects its DNA into host cell. The viruses DNA causes host cell to make new viral DNA and protein. New viruses are created inside host cell Host cell bursts open and the new viruses are release to infect other host cells.

Life Cycle of a Virus video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIut0oVWCEg

Create a Venn Diagram Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Which one is the prokaryotic cell? What makes prokaryotic cells different from Eukaryotic cells?

Homework Read p32 to 34 Workbook pages 10 to 12