Lesson 098 Learning Goal: (You should be able to…) Apply the characteristics of Life to justify classification of various objects : (Can you …) Classify various objects as Living, Dead, Non-Living?

In your binder lesson Summary definition of Life etc. Notes Compare human characteristics with characteristics of Life

Characteristics of Life Vocabulary Cell (Biological) Metabolism Respiration Response to a stimulus Nutrients Reproduction DNA

Cell organelles Vocabulary vacuole mitochondria lysosome cell membrane cell wall cell nucleus cytoplasm chloroplast golgi body endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ribosome Other cell essentials: chemical receptors and messengers enzymes DNA

Write to Think 098 1. What do you think are the three most important characteristics to look for in order to decide if something is alive or not? Why do you think so? (Use your resources!!) 2. Other than the 9 listed on the C of L sheet what other characteristics can you think of that all living organisms have in common? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oj8RIEQH7zA Watch first 3 mins

How to … Observe the specimen (Please do NOT touch unless it says so) Discuss & then complete your table JUSTIFY why you decided if it is L or D or NL by… … filling in the last column using number(s) from the characteristics list 1 to 6 (see handout) Be careful of assumptions … be critical of what you think you ‘know’. For example ....

Is it Living, Dead or Nonliving? #/NAME of SPECIMEN L, D or NL? REASONS FOR CHOICE Why? How do you ‘know’? Justify! Characteristics (# 1-6), problems? Questions? 21. Battery NL Although it is 1 and uses/produces 2, it can’t do 3 and doesn’t have 4. It certainly can’t do 5! Batteries don’t grow. (Be great if they did!) But they do ‘die’? And some can ‘recharge’? Absolutely no 8 and 9 causes a lot of problems!! 1. ???

Organization Lab notebook, characteristics sheet, pencil Binders, Back packs etc. away … safe we’ll be moving! Where specimens are and numbering Start at the NEXT ONE. Point to where it is. READ any information available! Treat specimen as it is presented … not what it might represent. Rotate only when told … about every 3 minutes … where to move… Today Use of microscopes No AIR calls please! PLEASE be CAREFUL with the specimens. Thank you. Why are you doing this? (Characteristics, Life, Definitions, JUSTIFY!)

Claim, Evidence, Reasoning Using your lab note book with your partner make a final decision about each of the specimens listed below. Are they living, dead or nonliving? Be prepared to justify your answer!! YEAST (#3) BREAD (# 2) BANANA (#7) YOGHURT (#12) EGG (#13) ONE MORE THAT YOU FOUND REALLY DIFFICULT

http://cdn.phys.org/newman/gfx/news/hires/2013/colouredscan.jpg

http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/507982-3715-14.jpg http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/t0308e/T0308E07.gif Bananas, like cabbages, apples and onions, are made up of living cells and tissues while they are 'fresh'.  When those cells start to die, we see the fruit or vegetable starting to blacken and get infected by fungi or bacteria which break down the dead and dying tissues.  Consequently we work hard to keep bananas and other plant products alive until we use them - for example we keep them in the fridge to slow down their metabolic rates, but if we freeze them and so kill all of the cells, when thaw them they will blacken and collapse.

http://www. visualphotos http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/1x3740100/yogurt_bacteria_scanning_electron_micrograph_sem_of_yogurt_mixed_bacterial_starter_culture_cons_BA4270.jpg

http://www2.ca.uky.edu/smallflocks/Images/Fertile_vs_Infertile.png Well, your teacher is essentially (but not totally) correct. In an unfertilized egg (the kind you buy at the grocery store), there is a small, whitish disk on one side of the yolk. This little structure is called the germinal disc, and it contains the nucleus and most of the cytoplasm of the egg cell. The yolk, however, is actually part of the cytoplasm of that cell, so that one could say that the yolk is actually a single huge cell. You teacher is correct, however, in pointing out that the yolk itself doesn't contain the structures and organelles that we expect to find in living cells. In fact, it's little more than a mass of stored nutrition waiting for embryonic development. Here's why your teacher's opinion is correct in an important way. If the cell is fertilized by a sperm, which happens inside the body of the hen before the shell is completely formed, the whole yolk doesn't divide. Instead, cell division is limited to the germinal disc, so that little cluster of cells known as the embryonic disc forms on top of the yolk. The embryo develops from this disk, and gradually sends blood vessels into the yolk to use it for nutrition as the embryo develops.

Generally accepted definitions … but there are some exceptions! Living: A specimen that has biological cells and is using energy. It shows or can show most of the first 6 characteristics of Life. It demonstrates HOMEOSTASIS (maintains/controls a ‘steady’ state that’s ‘different’ from the outside) It is carbon based, water requiring and has nucleic acid (a ‘Life’ code) Dead: A specimen that is cellular but no longer using energy in a productive way (and can’t be made to do so) Non- Living: An object that is not made of biological cells

Other Fundamental Needs Any and All life absolutely must have access to… Nutrients (chemicals) for an energy supply Nutrients (chemicals) for materials to replace/build/make new parts of themselves An oxidizing agent to release energy from ‘food’. Water for reactions to take place in

End of Lesson

Classification of cells ALL CELLS PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC (simple) (complex) BACTERIA ARCHAEA ANIMAL PLANT FUNGI Video clip