*World War I “THE GREAT WAR” * *1914-1918

WWI French Cemetery

Europe in 1900 Five main powers in Europe at the beginning of the 1900’s Austria-Hungary France Germany Great Britain Russia Match each of the above A E D B C

Europe in 1900 Five main powers in Europe at the beginning of the 1900’s Great Britain France Germany Russia Austria-Hungary

*CAUSES of WWI* M ilitarism A lliances Underlying N ationalism Causes I mperialism A ssassination the‘Spark’or immediate cause! “M A N I A”

*1. MILITARISM *Glorifying military power & strength. Europe began spending large sums of $ on new weapons. To be great, a nation must have a powerful military. Maintaining a large and strong military made citizens feel patriotic.

*2. ALLIANCES* A binding agreement between nations. Triple Alliance (Central Powers) = Germany, Ottoman Empire (Turkey), Italy, & Austria- Hungary Triple Entente (Allies) = Serbia, Russia, France, & Great Britain

*3. NATIONALISM *Devotion to a nation or culture. Wants to unite all nationalities under one government. Competition among nations for: 1. territory 2. independence 3. new markets & resources

*4. IMPERIALISM *A Stronger nation dominates a weaker nation in competition for colonies. Esp. Asia & Africa. Imperialism + Militarism = As countries gain colonies, their militaries MUST grow to protect them!

THE CONFLICT AUSTRIA- HUNGARY CLAIMED SERBIA, BUT SERBIA WANTED INDEPEN-DENCE.

*5. ASSASSINATION- the ‘SPARK’ Archduke Francis Ferdinand & his wife Sophie, (heir to the Austrian throne), visit Sarajevo. *June 28, 1914 the Archduke & wife are assassinated by G. Princip, a Serbian nationalist Serbia was seeking independence. *Sparked WWI!

AUSTRIA-HUNGARY Austria-Hungary used this assassination as an excuse to crush the small army of Serbia. July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

CHAIN OF EVENTS The Austrian-Hungarian declaration of war set off the web of alliances. Russia mobilized to aid their ally, Serbia. Germany demanded that Russia stop mobilizing. Russia refuses. France, Russia’s ally, mobilizes. Germany declares war on Russia, August 1, 1914. 1. What cause is this an example of?

Allies vs Central Powers 1. What countries were Allies? Central Powers? Neutral?

GERMANY Germany relied on: The Schlieffen Plan- defeat France quickly & then turn to Russia. Germany invades Belgium to get to France, violates Belgium’s neutrality. This brings Great Britain into the war.

http://www.5min.com/Video/How-World-War-I-Began-307288245

1. What years was World War I fought? 2. What is the acronym for remembering the 5 causes of WWI? 3. WWI is also known as the? 4. List the 4 underlying causes of WWI. 5. What was the spark or immediate cause of WWI? 6. List the Central Powers. 7. List the Allies.

MODERN WARFARE It was predicted that WWI would end quickly, but new modern weapons ensured the war would be long & bloody! http://www.5min.com/Video/The-Weapon-Innovations-of-WWI-355445549

New Modern Weapons

*STALEMATE*- Unable to move, lack of progress Modern Weapons Trenches Stalemate = +

*Weapons of WWI = High Death Toll* 1. Repeating Carbine Rifle 2. Grenades 3. Artillery 4. Airplanes 5. Poison Gas 6. Razor Wire 7. Tanks 8. Flame throwers 9. Submarines 10. Zeppelins 11. **Machine Gun-made troop advances costly!

Life in the Trenches Rats Weather Sanitation Artillery Snipers Germans killing & cleaning rats to eat. German sniper

*Trench Warfare *Main tactic in WWI Trenches – dug to protect soldiers from the new weapons, esp. constant bombardments & machine guns

Over the top & into . . . ‘NO MAN’S LAND’ = land between the trenches

TRENCH WARFARE

TRENCH WARFARE

TRENCH WARFARE

Trench Foot

http://www. youtube. com/watch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKUdxkaDoNo&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

*MACHINE GUN = caused stalemate*

GAS

ZEPPELINS

AIRPLANES Red Baron, German Ace. Famous WWI ace, 80 kills

SUBMARINES

TANKS

First Mass War with Extraordinarily High Casualty Rates SOLDIERS INVOLVED 65,038,810 MILITARY DEATHS 8,020,780 CIVILIAN DEATHS 6,642,633 MILITARY WOUNDED 21,228,813

TIES WITH GREAT BRITAIN 92 million Americans were from G.B. & could trace their roots back. Felt personally involved. British newspapers published false stories to persuade readers that Germany was evil. This PROPAGANDA (information used to sway public opinion) promoted the Allied point of view.