Welcome to China

Schedule Map Warm-up Dynastic Cycle Textbook Work

Class Today Write your answers on separate paper Work with a partner D F E E E E H H H H B B B B F F F C C C J G G G G K 5 min C

Traditional Values 1 Confucianism Tradition and family values to maintain stability and harmony. Importance of respect and obedience for one’s parents, elders, rulers. Strict moral code of conduct- respect, loyalty, obedience, hard-work, generosity and politeness High regard for education and studying people were overstepping their boundries fighting to increase power Meritocracy Five Relationships of Confucianism

The scholar class Experts in Confucian and Buddhist texts Exam based entry Served as officials/civil servants of the Manchu dynasty Announced government policies Some corruption – money for degrees Not based on logical reasoning (induction and deduction) appealing to authority…important person in history would have agreed with you = you win the argument

Traditional Values 2: Emperor worship The emperor was divine Mandate of Heaven (Dynastic Cycle) He performed religious duties to ensure China’s prosperity When does the Emperor lose heaven’s favor? (to start the seasons…go to alter and hand motions, pots and pans…for sacrafice, face certain directions…)

Kow Tow Deep bow, head touching the floor Sign of deep respect

New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven Dynastic Cycle New Dynasty Brings peace (Re)builds infrastructure Gives land to peasants Protects people New Dynasty Old Dynasty Problems New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven Generations go by, New Dynasty becomes… Problems Floods earthquakes Peasant revolt Invaders Attack Bandits raid countryside Old Dynasty Taxes too much Stops protecting people Lets infrastructure decay Treats people unfairly Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven

Conservatism This is a very traditional system governed by customs and religion No experience of adapting to other cultures Belief in the superiority of Chinese civilization Foreigners - barbarians Peasant society- not industrialized China was the Middle Kingdom states around China copied the Chinese Way (Like America today?)

The Qing/Manchu Dynasty Manchurian conquest – 1644 Adopted Chinese political system and values Relative tolerance of Christian missionaries, especially Catholic Jesuits

Tributary States Neighboring states that paid tribute to the all powerful Middle Kingdom Usually gave gifts to honor the Emperor Like a Confucian younger brother showing respect to the head of the family The leader or ambassador of the must kow tow Korea, Nepal, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Burma North-cold, south Mountains himalayas, east ocean, west desert

Problems The empire was overextended 1

Arrival of European Powers Viewed European nations as new tributary states Europeans refused to kow tow Failed to see the superiority of European military Cultural misunderstanding 2

Arrival of the British They want new markets They want Chinese tea and silk and porcelain First trading post – Canton 1699 British confined to an island outside city walls

No interest in British manufacturing goods Trade imbalance British request trade liberalization (free trade) in 1793 Ships, guns and new products from the West showed the weakness of the Manchu

What will you tell the emperor? Andi Sofia Sara Conor Phelan Sam B Daniel Phelan Patrick Rebecca Meg Kephren Oliver What will you tell the emperor?

What will you tell the emperor? Andreas Adelina Marie Ben Mina Mats Elena Elizabeth Stine Paul Joonas Julius Annalea Morgan Carl Saheli Brian What will you tell the emperor?

What will we tell the Emperor? Imagine you are scholar advisors (Mandarin) to the Emperor Your group must deal with one of the following 4 situations

Role Play 1. Arrival of Catholic missionaries 2. Arrival of Vietnamese envoys 3. Arrival of British merchant ships 4. Arrival of German engineers

Geography Warm-Up List A-H on your paper identify the points (A-I) This is practice Winners announced Friday G D D D D A A A A E E E E H H H H B B B B F F F F C C C C G G G I 3 min

Western Imperialism Did it bring new ideas to China? Were the Christian missionaries agents of positive change? Was increasing trade with the West inevitable? Did the West impose its ideas on the Chinese? Did Western imperialism merely accelerate modernisation? Contact with the West – boon or bane? See “World of History” pp. 613-14

Next Time: 3 episodes The Opium Wars: 1839-1842 The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Revolution of 1911-1912