Nutrient Cycles Nitrogen & Phosphorus

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Presentation transcript:

Nutrient Cycles Nitrogen & Phosphorus

Why Nitrogen is Important Nitrogen is important for a number of reasons DNA and Protein Protein for Muscle Nitrogen for plant growth

Stores of Nitrogen 78% of our atmosphere is Nitrogen! Also in oceans and organic matter in soils Small amounts in terrestrial systems

The Nitrogen Cycle Cycle involves plants and bacteria 1 – Nitrogen Fixation - The process by which atmospheric N2 is converted into NH4 or NO3- 2 – Nitrification - The process by which NH4 is converted into NO3- or NO2- (by Nitrifying Bacteria) 3 – Uptake - Plants incorporating Nitrates into their tissues

Nitrogen Fixation (3 places) 1 – Atmosphere 2 –Soil - legumes - free soil bacteria 3 – Oceans -cyanobacteria

Nitrification and Uptake Nitrification (by nitrifying bacteria) NH4 (ammonium) NO2- (nitrite)  NO3- (nitrate) Uptake – Nitrates enter plants  Animals Denitrification Bacteria return NO3-  N2

Human Impact In WWI a German scientist discovered how to fix atmospheric nitrogen artificially (we haven’t looked back) we have added 50% more nitrogen to ecosystems Fossil Fuels & Sewage Leeching and Eutrophication (write definitions)

The Phosphorus Cycle Important for plant growth Energy metabolism Roots/Stems Animals (Humans) Energy Metabolism Bones

Stores Trapped as phosphates(PO43–, HPO42–, H2PO4–) found in rocks and ocean sediments. Weathering Chemical – acids and lichens Physical – wind, water, freezing… Uptake by plants and animals

Human Impact We are adding excess phosphorus to the environment through mining for fertilizer components We are pouring it into ecosystems faster than natural stores can be replenished (non-renewable) Reducing Supply Slash-and-burn of forests removes phosphorus from ecosystems