BELLWORK Why did countries colonize? How would the rise of industry affect this colonization? Increase or decrease? Why?

Industrialization & Imperialism Chapter 24

Motives for Imperialism Imperialism- when a stronger country conquers a smaller weaker country, usually for economic exploitation Nationalism Economic Competition Missionary work Political Power Racist “White supremacist” ideas **Social Darwinism- racist belief that the fittest will and should survive and conquer the weaker. “If I can conquer you, I have the right to conquer you. It’s the way of nature.”

How Industry = Imperialism Raw Materials- for MACHINES New markets- for trading mass produced goods Industrial technology- allowed further infiltration of foreign lands

Two Cases: India and Java Comparison

What is a joint-stock company?

Example #1: Dutch Advance on Java Dutch established Batavia 1619 at first Dutch paid tribute to Mataram Sultanate (Muslim Javanese Empire) gained monopoly on spice trade 1670s Dutch began to intervene in wars of succession, using Dutch command of native soldiers Each war of succession led to more land ceded to Dutch 1750 Complete Dutch dictated kingdom

What do you remember about the Mughal? PERSIAN What do you remember about Britain and India?

Example #2: INDIA After the Mughal lost power, the East India Company basically took over This was a British Company Had their own army, lead by UK officers Sepoys- Indian soldiers who worked in the East India Company’s military India became the “Jewel in the Crown” Most important British colony Supplied the raw materials for many British factories

Indians lost due to lack of unity Sepoy Mutiny May 10, 1857, the sepoys (Indian soldiers in East India Co. military) rebelled An uprising in Northern India Took more than a year for the East India Company to regain control of the country Indians lost due to lack of unity Many princes stayed out of the fighting because they had alliances with the British Hindus vs. Muslims (Mughals) Sikhs were against the Mughals so they supported the British

The Results of the Mutiny The Sepoy Mutiny was a turning point The British tightened its control over India The Raj- the name given to the time of British rule in India (1757- 1947) Racist attitudes were increased as a result Distrust between Indians and the British increased

Cultural Blending 18th century, “mixed” relationships widely accepted 19th century greater social division- “mixed” marriages lessened TEA!!!

Social Reform in the Colonies: 3 Changes Until the early 19th Century- Dutch and British encouraged caste division-no push for change. But… India was the first conscious attempt to diffuse Western culture into a colony

Impact of Colonialism Positive Effects for India 3rd largest railroad built Developed modern economy, united India Roads, telephone lines dams, bridges, irrigation Sanitation improved Education improved Sati ended British military kept peace Missionaries began to introduce Christianity to India. Try to end slavery Negative Effects for India British held most of the power Indian industry not allowed to compete with Britain (ran Indian textiles out of business) Cash crops (ie cotton) instead of food production- famine Racist attitudes

Rivalry: Conflict and Compromise

The SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

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Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Who was Dr. Livingstone? A minister from Scotland looking for source of the Nile Thought dead Henry Stanley found him in n1871 How Belgium took control of the Congo 1879- Stanley signed treaty with Congo Valley chiefs King Leopold II of Belgium gained control over lands He said he was trying to abolish slave trade. Forced labor (rubber trees), heavy taxes, other abuses- caused concern around the world Soon France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal , Spain were in a race to acquire African colonies.

The Berlin Conference WHY AFRICA? HOW COULD THEY AVOID A WAR OVER TERRITORY? THE BERLIN CONFERENCE

The Berlin Conference WHY AFRICA? At first Europe was looking for trade routes Copper, tin, gold, and diamonds in Africa attracted Europe Countries began to scramble for parts of Africa to control HOW COULD THEY AVOID A WAR OVER TERRITORY? THE BERLIN CONFERENCE 1884-1885 Was a meeting to set guidelines for the division of Africa No African leaders were present Africa was divided with no regard to African language or ethnic barriers Only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent

Partition of Africa: 1870-1914

Political Industrialization created an unevenness of power- Europe vs Everyone else Tropical Dependencies: small group of Europeans dominated large populations of natives Settlement colonies: (A) White Dominion, large land, small population of empire (B) Both Dependent & Settlement with large white populations competed with large native population VS

Political What strategies could be used to govern the colonies? Europeans exploited existing tribal rivalries Europeans used local leaders for bureaucracy Indian Sepoys to maintain control

Economy District officers policed, collected taxes Colonizers attempted to teach methods of agriculture tried to increase production, lower cost of purchase of goods Advantages of Industry (railroads, etc) were brought to colonies mostly in order to benefit Europe

Social Education was church based rise of Asian/African middle class increasing conflict between colonizer and colonies Increasing European population in colonies causes more problems; wives and families of Europeans arrived Interracial marriage was disapproved of as a result of white racial supremacy and Social Darwinist theories

South Africa Cape Town established by Dutch; enslavement, syncretism between populations 19th Century Britain competes for South Africa; annexed in 1815 1830s British interference sent Boers on Great Trek; 1850 established Boer Republics Boer Wars began with discovery of diamond, gold in Republics, with British victory System of Apartheid (racial segregation in S. Africa) allowed due to British guilt

Other Regions

Pacific Tragedies Colonization in the Pacific mirrored that of the Americas Disease!!! New Zealand 1790s timber, whaling brought disease, alcoholism 1840s adapted farming, worked in mills, trade 1850s British claim islands to expand empire Maori fight, driven to exterior; adapt with education and use of legal system

Hawaii Hawaii not official colony until annexed by US in 1898 Early Hawaii leadership realized benefits of westernization: Trade missionary activity school systems Disease!!! caused importation of Asian workers Weak leadership allowed US planters to manipulate political system for economic, military benefit

Analyze the continuities and changes that occurred in Africa from 1450-1885. Make a BME chart. Beginning- Step 1 What do you know about Africa in 1450? PERSIAN Middle- Step 3 How did it get there? What happened in the MIDDLE? End- Step 2 What do you know about Africa in 1885? PERSIAN Thesis- Step 4 During the period 1450- 1885 CE, Africa changed regarding ______________ and ______________, but _____________ was continuous throughout this period.

Review Discuss motives for expansion. Why was India so important to Britain? How did imperialism and economic expansion affect the economy? What European countries were the most industrialized and imperialistic? What did Europe do for the colonies? Why did Europe NOT emphasize the building of factories and European workers to the colonies?