10th World Studies 2.13.18 Turn in: Take out: Nothing… Take out: Planner Pen/Pencil Today’s objective: I can describe how the happenings of Europe begin to impact the impending War. Today’s Agenda: Causes of the “Great War” Militarism HW: Militarism Research In-Class: due tomorrow…

CAUSES OF “THE GREAT WAR” M—militarism A—alliances N—nationalism I—imperialism A—assassination (C)—Competition

M. Militarism (also competition…) The tendency to regard military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military. Glorification of military power. Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers in millions of £s. 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914 94 130 154 268 289 398 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

M. Militarism (also competition…) The tendency to regard military efficiency as the supreme ideal of the state and to subordinate all other interests to those of the military. Glorification of military power. ARMY Troops Germany v. Russia, France 1880 1914 Germany 1.3m 5.0m France 730,000 4.0m Russia 400,000 1.2m

The Importance of Naval Supremacy Alfred Thayer Mahan – US Naval War College The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660-1783 (1890) The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793–1812 (1892) Control of the seas = Great Success Emphasis placed on LARGEST & most POWERFUL navy Coupled with the importance of economic control of the seas. Have the larger, more powerful navy—win wars Control the commerce that travels during war time—win current and future wars… “Force is never more operative than when it is known to exist but is not brandished.”

The Importance of Naval Supremacy Alfred Thayer Mahan: Both early works very influential in both Germany and England Theory of Naval Superiority: Based on the “Two Power” standard. Royal Navy should be the size of the next two largest navies combined. 1889—Naval Defense Act Simply the formalization of the policy that had been in place informally since the 1850’s. France/Russia the next two largest at the time. The Fleet Acts Mit einem Worte: wir wollen niemand in den Schatten stellen, aber wir verlangen auch unseren Platz an der Sonne. 1898: The First Naval Law 1900: The Second Naval Law—introduced following an international incident with the British involving the 2nd Boer War 1906/08/12: Naval Laws, all following “incidents” "in one word: We wish to throw no one into the shade, but we demand our own place in the sun."

“Dreadnought” Race Jackie Fisher: HMS Dreadnought (All big gun warship) [1906-1923] Admiral that reforms the navy as we know it… Alfred von Tirpitz: Risikoflotte “risk fleet” Created the German navy from virtually nothing… Turned to Unterseeboots in attempt to overtake Brits.

Naval Strength, August 1914 Dreadnoughts 13 20 Battle Cruisers 5 8 Germany Britain Dreadnoughts 13 20 Battle Cruisers 5 8 Cruisers 41 102 Destroyers 144 301 Submarines 30 78

CAUSES OF “THE GREAT WAR” M—militarism A—alliances N—nationalism I—imperialism A—assassination (C)—Competition Find a partner…head to my website. Click on the Militarism Project button One HARD COPY is due tomorrow…