In-Text Citations

Author – Page Style The author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text (your paper) AND a complete reference should appear in your Works Cited page The author’s last name may appear either in the sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of your sentence

Example Author: Wordsworth, Page number: 263 Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263).

Example Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol-using animals” (3). Human beings have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

Practice Author: Steven Smith Page Number: 25 “Students can expect to find a wider variety of options available to them at college than they had in high school. They really have no idea what opportunities exist in the big wide world. The possibilities are endless.”

What if I don’t know who the author is? When the source has no known author, use a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it’s a short work (such as an article) or italicize it if it’s a longer work (books).

Example We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change…” (“Impact of Global Warming”). According to the article “The Impact of Global Warming”, North America is a central spot for global warming because it has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change…”.

Practice Article: “What Employers Want” “Many students leave school with ‘jeopardy’ knowledge, but no real skills. What employers want are potential employees who have the skills to learn, not just the learning itself. The ability to learn and adapt to new environments is the key to success.”

Tips: Common knowledge does not have to be referenced, however, specific data and information does have to be referenced. For example: The NFL stands for National Football League. = does not need a reference/citation, this is common knowledge In the year 2015, over 30,000 football players were affected by concussions. = specific data, needs a reference/citation

Affect v. Effect Affect = verb Effect = noun Athletes are commonly AFFECTED by concussions. There are many long-term EFFECTS of concussions.

Tips DO NOT use: I Me My You your