Chapter 13: Urban Patterns MarKayla Britton Ashley Cleburn

Urban Patterns for the Developing World Highest rate of urban growth lacks a significant metropolitan area . Latin America – the most urbanized major area of “Less Developed World”. Africa – least urbanized of all areas, but the most quickly urbanizing of all the regions. Asia – less than 35% urban through the whole area with some exceptions (Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, North and South Korea)

Urban Patterns All areas of the developing world have a population greater than their employment bases can support and inverse concentric zone patterns. Asia/African City – European colonial imprint Spatial differences in social equality very clear. 5 4 3 2 1 CBD – 5 Inner City – 4 Low Class Residential – 3 Medium Class Residential – 2 High Class Residential - 1

Changes in Cities in LDCs Populations of cities in the less developed world have been surging : urbanization, migration, natural increase. Urbanization in LDCs: Farming more challenging Poor living in the suburbs, rich living in CBD Cities struggle to provide jobs and housing Services over taxed Squatter settlements common Crime on the rise

Urbanization The process by which the population of cities grow 2 dimensions: an increase in the number of people living in cities and an increase in the percentage of people living in the cities In MDCs about ¾ of the people live in urban areas compared to 2/5 in LDCs Although Latin America is an exception MDCs have a higher percentage of urban residents, but LDCs have more of very the very large urban settlements

Metropolitan Statistical Area An MSA includes An urbanized area with a population of at least 50,000 The county within which the city is located Adjacent counties with a high population density and a large percentage of residents working in the central city’s county

Micropolitan Statistical Areas These include an urbanized area between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the county in which it is found Adjacent counties tied to the city

Burgess’s Concentric Zone Model City grows outward from central area in a series of rings Like growth rings of a tree Size and width vary from city to city

Homer Hoyt’s Sector Model City develops in sectors, not rings Certain areas more attractive for certain things High class housing extends as a corridor

Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model City is complex structure with multiple centers Some activities are attracted to certain nodes Schools : daycares, family neighborhoods, grocery stores Heavy industry would not be near high-class housing

Geographic applications of the models the three models can also help explain why centain type of people tend to live in particular places Social area analysis: urban areas that contain people of the similar living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle

Inner-city problems Physical Social Economic Major physical problem faced by inner city neighborhoods is poor condition of the housing Social Inner city residents ore often referred to as underclass. This class often have high rates of unemployment, alcoholism, etc. Economic The central cities face a gap between the cost of needed services and the availability of funds to pay for them

The Peripheral model According to this model an urban area consists of an inner city surrounding by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a belt way or rail road

Key Issue 1: Where have urban areas grown ? Urbanization involves increases in the percent and in the number of people living in urban areas. MDCs have higher percent of urban residents, but LDCs now have most of the largest urban areas

Key Issue 2: Where are people distributed within urban areas Three models explain where various groups of people live in urban areas: the concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei models. Combine the three models present a useful framework for understanding the distribution of social and economic groups within urban areas. With modifications, the models also apply to cities in Europe and LDCs

Key Issue 3: Why do inner cities have distinctive problems? Inner city residential areas have physical problems stemming from the high percent of older deteriorated housing, social problems stemming from the high percent of low income households, and economic problems stemming from a gap between demand for services and supply of local tax revenue

Key Issue 4: Why do suburbs have distinctive problems? The suburban lifestyle as exemplified by the detached single-family house with surrounding yard attracts most people. Transportation improvements most notably the railroad in the 19th century and the automobile in the 20th century, have facilitated the sprawl of urban areas. Among the negative consequences of large-scale sprawl are segregation and inefficiency.