Europe and Japan in Ruins Ch. 16.5 Pgs. 514-517

What were conditions like in post war Europe? Give examples. Essential Question

Setting the Stage Main Idea: Why it matters now: WWII cost: Billions of $$$ Millions of lives Europe, Japan in ruins Why it matters now: US survives undamaged, for the most part, allows it to become a world leader Allies had achieved victory at a very high cost Setting the Stage

Costs of World War 2 **Do not Write**

**Do not write** **Write this** Remember millions are displaced Holocaust survivors People fled when their homes became the battle fronts After war crops destroyed Thousands die from starvation, disease

Post War Govt. Many Europeans blame prewar govt. for war Nazis Ousted Post War Govt. Many Europeans blame prewar govt. for war Germany oust NAZI party Italy oust Fascist France’s “Vichy” govt conspired with NAZI France, Italy # of Communists sky rockets

Nuremberg Trials 1945-1946 22 NAZI members charged with Crimes against Humanity Waging a war of aggression 12 Found guilty Life in Prison or Hung Hermann Goring Commander of Luftwaffe Rudolf Hess Hitler’s Deputy

Nuremberg Trials Other trials, South America, Egypt, ? Hans Frank - Only Nazi who expressed remorse for his actions “A thousand years will pass, and still the guilt of Germany will not be erased” 10 Nazi leaders hung Oct 16, 1946, their bodies were cremated in the same ovens that had burned millions of their victims What Happened to the Rest of the Nazis Other trials, South America, Egypt, ? Low ranking Nazis blended back into society

Post War Japan Defeat left Japan in Ruins 2 million dead Stripped of its empire No more colonies (Where were their colonies?) Tokyo, Hiroshima, Nagasaki were destroyed : -- Bombing raids -- A-Bomb

Hiroshima

Hiroshima After

MacArthur in Charge 1945-1952 General Douglas MacArthur: in charge Determined to be fair No seeds for future war Demilitarization: Dismantle Japanese military Only small police force War criminals brought to trial Out of 25, 7 condemned to hang HEDIKI TOJO was hanged

Democratization: Creating a democracy the Japanese were handed the task but they took too long U.S. wrote New Constitution in 7 days Japanese officials offended (Reminded of the Atomic Sunset) Feb. 1946 Draft new constitution Constitutional Monarch Emperor no longer divine: (Not A God !) Would admit to Japan over the radio Revived econ. *Develop Industry and export economy. Redistributed land Gave workers, farmers right to vote

Japanese Education Restructured Pre War Education - Nationalistic, Militaristic, Rote Memorization, Emperor Worship Post War Education- Critical thinking in Japanese education Challenges of new system classroom management issues Japanese Education Restructured

End of Japanese Occupation Sept. 1951 U.S. and 47 other nations sign peace treaty with Japan Treaty Officially Ended WWII 1952 US ends occupation US est. Naval base To protect Japan Who will challenge U.S in the post war era?