9/10 Daily Catalyst Pg. 13 growth Models 1. Tiffany is observing a rare organism called the Aye- Aye. She is studying a 75 square mile area. In this area she counts 256 different species. What is her probability of capturing an Aye-Aye in this area? 2. One species of forest bird is highly territorial, while a second lives in flocks. What is each species’ likely pattern of dispersion? Explain. 3. Each female of a particular fish species produces millions of eggs per year. What is its likely survivorship pattern?

9/10 Daily Catalyst Pg. 13 growth Models 1. Tiffany is observing a rare organism called the Aye-Aye. She is studying a 75 square mile area. In this area she counts 256 different species. What is her probability of capturing an Aye-Aye in this area? 1/256 2. One species of forest bird is highly territorial, while a second lives in flocks. What is each species’ likely pattern of dispersion? Explain. Uniform- territorial tendecies Clumped- a flock is a group of birds living together 3. Each female of a particular fish species produces millions of eggs per year. What is its likely survivorship pattern? III, high amount of young with high infant mortality rate

9/10 Class Business Pg. 13 Growth models Quiz #4 on Friday Review after school on Thursday Library work day on Thursday and Friday Interims on Friday Extra Credit Ecology test is Friday, 9/26th

9/10 Agenda Daily Catalyst Class Business Bubble Lab conclusion Growth model notes Workbook

9/10 Objective The exponential growth model describes population growth in an idealized unlimited environment.

Introduction The life history of an organism from birth through reproduction to death reflects evolutionary trade- offs between survival and reproduction. What is life history? Life history traits include the age at first reproduction, how often an organism breeds, and the number of offspring produced during each reproductive cycle.

Reproductive Strategies Some species put all of their reproductive resources into a single reproductive effort called big-bang reproduction or semelparity. Key Point #1: Semelparity: single reproductive episode before death

The pacific salmon is a good example of semelparity The pacific salmon is a good example of semelparity. This organisms will swim and love most of their life until making the decision to reproduce. These organisms will put ALL of their energy and effort into this reproductin. It may lead to their death. Squid, octopus, butterflies, and inserts are semelparitous. Characteristic of r stragetist.

Reproductive Strategies Other species follow the strategy of iteroparity. Key Point #2: Iteroparity: repeated reproductive episodes over a life time

Iteroparous organisms are birds, fish, mammals, plants, and reptiles can reproduce many times throughout their lifetime. Choosing to only have ONE child does not make you semelparity. That is simply a behavior, but it is in our genetics to have more than one child.

When is semelparity or iteroparity favored? Key Point #3: Semelparity is favored when offspring survival rates are low.

Turn and Talk Explain why the life history of an organisms can’t be to reproduce early, often, and have large numbers of offspring, and live long. In what way might high competition for limited resources in a predictable environment influence life history traits?

9/12 Daily catalyst Pg. 13 Growth models 1. What is the difference between semelparity and iteroparity? 2. When is semelparity an advantage? 3. Give an example of kinesis and taxis. 4. Why do Type III organisms have so many young if the infant mortality rate is so high?

9/12 Daily catalyst Pg. 13 Growth models 1. What is the difference between semelparity and iteroparity? Semelparity is a single reproductive effort Iteroparity is multiple reproductive efforts 2. When is semelparity an advantage? When resources are limited 3. Give an example of kinesis and taxis. Kinesis is non-directional movement to a stimulus. Cockroaches and light. Taxis is a direction movement to a specific stimulus. Fish swim upstream. 4. Why do Type III organisms have so many young if the infant mortality rate is so high? The purpose of reproduction is to pass on “good” traits. These organisms have so many young with the hopes that some will survive and keep passing on the traits.

9/12 Class Business Interim extra credit due Monday Ecology research paper due next Thursday, 9/18th Ecology test is Friday, 9/26th Homework: Page. 1145-1150 Reading quiz on Monday

9/12 Agenda Daily Catalyst Class Business Growth model notes Speedy review Library work time Quiz #4 Homework: read 1145-1150

9/12 Objective The exponential growth model describes population growth in an idealized unlimited environment.

Back to Math! Key Point #4: Rate of change= (final-initial) (Final time- initial time) ∆Y/∆t We have learned a lot of math equations thus far so it is time to add a new skill to our toolbox! This is how we calculate rate. Rate in other words means change over a period of time. Change means final values minus initial values. This information is all over time.

Calculate the rate of change from day 6 to day 21. Final activity is 8 (approximation) Initial activity is 40 Final time is 21 Initial time 6 8-40= -32 21-6=15 -32/15= -2.13 The rate of change from day 6 to day 21 was -2.31 (this makes sense, the slope is declining (negative)!!

Calculate the rate of change from day 10 to day 55 On your own Calculate the rate of change from day 10 to day 55 Final concentration= .2 Initial concentration= .75 Final time= 55 Initial time= 10 .2-.75= -.55 55-10= 45 -.55/45= -.01 This makes sense. The slop is declining!

We have discussed a lot of qualitative information We have discussed a lot of qualitative information. How about the quantitative?

Bacterium Population Growth Example A bacterium (singular form of bacteria) reproduces by binary fission every 20 minutes (more to come on this later). Time Growth 20 min 2 bacteria 40 min 4 bacteria 60 min 8 bacteria Some organisms truly have the capacity for rapid reproduction!

Is this rapid growth ideal? Why not? All populations are limited by factors such as food, water, space, and environment.

We use hypothetical settings to understand how populations increase. Think to an ideal world where: Resources are unlimited (food, water, space, lack of predation, and disease) Populations are allowed to grow by increasing the number of births and decreasing the amounts of death To better understand population growth, we use idealized models.

Key Point #5: Populations only truly change due to deaths and births Change is represented by ∆ (delta) We can calculate this “change”

Symbol Meaning ∆ Change N Population size t Time

Key Point #6: The equation to calculate population size change Do not forget about time!

(do not worry about the equation) We can use birth and death rates per year to estimate how many babies or people will be born/die per year (do not worry about the equation) Just know that this is all a part of ESTIMATION like we saw in population size (remember the 4 properties of populations?)

What we are really interested in is how populations change per year! Final-initial and time

Key Point #7: Growth Symbol Zero growth Births = deaths How? Key Point #7: Growth Symbol Zero growth Births = deaths Positive growth B > D Negative growth B < D

STOP! Think about it! To have zero growth, does this mean the population stops dying and birthing?

Key Point #8: Population increase equation

Exponential curve is unlimited growth

Key Point #9: Exponential graphs increases at a constant rate.

When is the J-curve most popular? Turn and Talk When is the J-curve most popular?

Next we will discuss logistical growth curves and how they relate to carrying capacity along with reproductive strategies. Along with semelparity and iteroparity, we use these populations specific strategies for reproduction.

Population Reproductive Strategies K-selected (equilibrial) Long maturation & lifespan Few (large) offspring; usually several (late) reproductions Extensive parental care Low death rate (Density dependent) r-selected (opportunistic) Short maturation & lifespan Many (small) offspring; usually 1 (early) reproduction; No parental care High death rate Emphasize that these r-selected and opportunistic are synonyms as are K- selected and equilibrial. It’s the synonyms that will give students fits when they are reading and interpreting test questions! Some species exhibit both traits!

Complete 52.3 in your notes

Homework: Page. 1145-1150 Reading quiz on Monday

Speedy Review! 1. I am a mother to a lot of offspring. I will take care of them for the first few weeks of life, then they are own their own for survival. What type of curve is described? Type II 2. In a habitat, abundant resources are available to a newly developed population. What type of growth curve is expected? Exponential (J-curve) 3.In a food chain, this organism is essential for supplying energy to consumers and also for itself. Name this type of organism. The producer Have student stand up and find someone they normally do not talk to to answer the questions.

Speedy Review! 4. I am an organism that is highly territorial and prefers to be left alone. What type of dispersion will I show? Uniform (like penguins) 5. True or false, two countries can have identical age diagrams even if their population size is different. False, if countries have different population sizes, then they have to have different age diagrams! They do not have the same number of people Have student stand up and find someone they normally do not talk to to answer the questions.