Daily Objective At the end of the lesson you should be able to explain the religious beliefs of Ancient Egyptians.

Vocabulary Afterlife = life that takes place in another world after death Embalm = to preserve a body after death Mummy = a body that has been dried so it won’t decay Pyramid = structure with triangular sides that meet at a point Step pyramid = a pyramid with sides that rise in a series of steps

Open your textbook to page 159 Beliefs and Religion

What are you wondering? What do you notice? View the image and write down in the T-Chart 3 things that you notice and 3 things that you wonder about.

The Egyptian Book of the Dead is a series of texts that assists the soul in the search for happiness in the afterlife.

Egyptians believed that after death an individual faced 42 gods and testified about his or her behavior on Earth.

That testimony was called the negative confession.

To learn more follow along using your graphic organizer as we begin our visit to this ancient scroll.

Ancient Egyptian Gods & Goddesses

Ra Sun God Master of the other gods and goddesses Takes the sun across the sky each day in his solar barge (sky boat) Pictured with falcon head, solar disc, cobra, and ankh (symbol of eternal life)

OSIRIS God of the Dead King of the Afterlife A great pharaoh in his life until killed by his brother, Set Pictured as a mummy with green or blue skin, always holding the crook and flail (symbols of a good ruler)

Isis Goddess of Motherhood & Magic Queen of the Afterlife Wife of Osiris Put the body of Osiris back together after he was killed by Set Pictured with Osiris, and a crown in the shape of a throne She is also pictured with wings

Horus God of War, Sky and Protection Son of Isis and Osiris Represents the Pharaoh in Life Soars over his people, keeping watch over them as a hawk Pictured with a hawk head, wearing the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt Eye of Horus is all-seeing

Anubis God of Mummification and Embalming Protector of the Dead as they make their journey into the Afterlife Helps at the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony Head embalmer dressed as Anubis to perform ceremonies Pictured with a jackal head or as a jackal

Thoth God of Knowledge, Hieroglyphs & Wisdom Record keeper of the Gods Records each person’s good and bad deeds Asks the 33 questions at the Weighing of the Heart Ceremony Pictured with an ibis head, as a ibis, or a baboon

Maat Goddess of Truth and Justice Regulated the stars, seasons, and the actions of both mortals and deities The feather in her headdress determined if departed souls would reach the Afterlife Maat’s ostrich feather represents truth Pictured as a woman with an ostrich feather as a headdress or with wings

Ammit Devourer of the Dead Gobbled-up the souls of evil doers Not worshipped but embodied all that the ancient Egyptians Feared Pictured as a creature part crocodile, part lion and part hippopotamus

Hathor Goddess of Music, Foreign Lands and Fertility Hathor helped women in childbirth She greeted the souls of the dead in Duat and offered them food and drink Pictured with a sun disc, horns, and a cobra, or as a cow nursing the pharaoh

set Represents the Red Land of Egypt which is not fertile God of Storms, the Desert, and Chaos Killed his brother Osiris, took the Eye of Horus in battle Represents the Red Land of Egypt which is not fertile Pictured with a curved snout, rectangular ears, forked tail, and canine body. Not like any real animal.

King of the Underworld and Afterlife Name Title/Duty/Role Story Symbols Ra Sun God - Takes the sun across the sky each day in his solar barge falcon solar disc solar barge Osiris King of the Underworld and Afterlife - Was a great pharaoh until killed by his evil brother, Set crook flail Isis Queen of the Underworld and Afterlife - Wife of Osiris - Put his body back together after Osiris was killed by Set crown (shape of throne) wings Set God of Deserts Storms and Chaos - Killed his brother Osiris - Took out the eye of Horus in battle scepter Horus God of War Sky and Protection - Son of Isis and Osiris - Represents the pharaoh in life hawk eye of Horus

God of Mummification and Embalming Name Title/Duty/Role Story Symbols Anubis God of Mummification and Embalming - Protector of the Dead - Weighing of the Heart Ceremony jackal Thoth God of Knowledge Hieroglyphs and Wisdom - Records each persons good and bad deeds in life - Record keeper of the gods moon disc papyrus scroll baboon Maat Goddess of Truth and Justice - Feather from her headdress was used to determine which souls went on to the Afterlife ostrich feather Ammut Demon Goddess - Devoured the souls of evil-doers - Not worshipped but feared by all lion crocodile hippopotamus Hathor Goddess of Music, Foreign Lands and Fertility - Helped women in childbirth - Protected men when visiting foreign lands cow Cobra sun disc with horns