1. RISE OF THE BRITISH WORLDWIDE START OF UNIT 1B – CHAPTER 3 GSH IV. AMERICA IN THE BRITISH EMPIRE OBJ: TO ASSESS THE ROLE OF INTELLECTUAL (THE ENLIGHTENMENT & GREAT AWAKENING) & ECONOMIC CHANGES ON THE RISE OF A SEPARATE IDENTITY AMONG BRITISH COLONISTS 1. RISE OF THE BRITISH WORLDWIDE GREATEST NAVY, ENLIGHTENMENT, GREAT AWAKENING 2. DIVERSIFICATION: MANY EUROPEAN CLAIMS AFRICAN SLAVES 3. CONTACT & CONFLICT: EURO POWERS VS. EA. OTHER, COLONISTS W/ NATIVES & NATIVES VS. NATIVES

A. INTELLECTUAL INFLUENCES THE ENLIGHTENMENT 1660: HUMANS ARE AGENTS OF MORAL SELF DETERMINATION; POWER OF HUMAN REASON TO SHAPE THE WORLD RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY CREATED ECO & SOC CONFLICT IN COLONIES BUT ALL AGREED IN LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE & ECO OPPTY SCI REV UPROOTED RELIGIOUS VIEW OF WORLD: COPERNICUS, NEWTON, LOCKE’S ‘SOCIAL CONTRACT’ 4 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES 1. LAWLIKE ORDER OF NATURAL WORLD 2. POWER OF REASON 3. NATURAL RIGHTS 4. SOCIETY CAN BE IMPROVED

1. ENLIGHTENMENT IN AMERICA DEISM: SUPREME BEING & NATURAL LAWS BEN FRANKLIN B. 1706 DEVOUT CALVINIST BUT… BECAME DEIST BECAUSE OF INTELLECTUAL APPEAL WAY OF THINKING, LED HIM TO ? MORALITY OF SLAVERY RESPECTED ALL RELIGION, NEVER DOUBTED THE EXISTENCE OF GOD Benjamin West, Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky, 1816 postmortem

2. THE GREAT AWAKENING DISINTIGRATION OF RELIGIOUS PIETY IN COLONIES EMPHASIZED PIOUS BEHAVIOR SPREAD THROUGHOUT COLONIES DIFFERENT IN MASS. J. EDWARDS- G.A. MINISTER “THEIR FOOT SHALL SLIP IN DUE TIME” DEUTERONOMY 32:35 SINNERS IN THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD 1741 – HELL SO DEPRAVED GEORGE WHITFIELD- TRUE REVIVAL OF RELIGIOUS RENEWAL OLD LIGHTS VS. NEW LIGHTS RESULTS: UNIFICATION, IMPORTANCE OF INDIVIDUALISM, SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM, SELF IMPROVEMENT “POOREST..HOLDS…HIS RIGHT TO ADVANCE OPINION IN ANY & ALL MATTERS JUST LIKE A GENTLEMAN” Joseph Badger, Jonathan Edwards 1750

B. 1660-1713 COLONIES TO EMPIRE ATTEMPTS TO CONSOLIDATE POWER OVER AMERICAN COLONIES GLORIOUS REVOLUTION 1688 PEACEFUL TRANSFER OF POWER DECLARATION OF RIGHTS LIMITED POWER, CREATED CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY PARLIAMENT ULTIMATE AUTHORITY COLONISTS HIT LIMITS (LEISLER, ANDROS ETC) ZENGER TRIAL NYC MERCANTILIST POLICIES CONTINUED W/ LITTLE OVERSIGHT AS ENGLAND ENTERED “2ND 100YRS. WAR” 1689-1815

C. IMPACT OF WAR ON COLONIES NORTH AMERICA TRANSFORMED TRIBALIZATION OF NATIVE AMERICANS ADAPTION OF STATELESS PEOPLE TO IMPOSED DEMANDS BY NEIGHBORING STATES – REORGANIZATION NATIVE GOALS DIFFERED SLAVE ECONOMY & SOUTH ATLANTIC SYSTEM-MIDDLE PASSAGE WARS COST MONEY SUGAR ISLES MOST IMPORTANT & CONTROLLED BY WEALTHY SLAVE POPULATION ROSE SUGAR LOBBY, SUGAR ACT, 11 MILL SLAVES TO MAINTAIN SUGAR INDUSTRY STONO REBELLION, S.C. 1739

1. NEW POLITICS 1713-1750 TREATY OF UTRECHT 1713 – WAR OVER TRADE EXTREMEMLY PROFITABLE POLICY OF SALUTARY NEGLECT ROBERT WALPOLE 1720-42 LEADER OF HOUSE OF COMMONS COLONIAL POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS STRENGTHENED SINCE 1688 NAVIGATION ACTS: WOOL ‘99, HATS ‘32, MOLASSES ‘33– OBEYED OR NOT COLONIES LACKED CURRENCY & BR RETALIATED WITH CURRENCY ACT 1751 CHARLES TOWNSHEND – STRICTER COLONIAL CONTROL