Prevention Cardiovascular disease Dr Abir Youssef

What is Cardiovascular disease (CVD) CVD is the name for group of heart and blood vessels disorders that include: 1. Hypertension (high blood pressure) 2. Coronary heart disease (heart attack) 3. Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) 09/11/2018

4. Peripheral vascular disease 5. Heart failure 6. Rheumatic heart disease 7. Congenital heart disease 8. Cardiomyopathies 09/11/2018

Major modifiable risk factors for CVD are:   Smoking      Diabetes     Hypertension  Dyslipidaemia   Physical inactivity      Overweight and obesity, particularly central fat distribution 09/11/2018

Major non-modifiable risk facts         Aging         Male gender         Ethnicity   Family history of premature death from CHD, dyslipidaemia 09/11/2018

Minor risk factors       Excessive alcohol consumption       Stress 09/11/2018

The patient can seldom be cured or restored to full function Facts about: CVD-CHD Once clinically manifest, the disease apt to be progressive and often lethal, The patient can seldom be cured or restored to full function 09/11/2018

Facts about: CVD-CHD Data from large multinational studies indicate that 30 - 40% of all individuals who presented with an acute coronary syndrome have had no prior warning symptoms to suggest the presence of the underlying disease. 09/11/2018

The size of the problem(UK) CHD is the single most common cause of premature death UK death rate from CHD among the highest in the world Someone has a heart attack every two minutes in the UK British Heart Foundation. Coronary Heart Disease Statistics.2004

The size of the problem CVD global CVD made up 16.6 million, or one-third, of global deaths in 2001. Around 80% of CVD deaths took place in low and middle-income countries. 09/11/2018

The size of the problem CVD global By 2010, CVD will be the leading cause of death in developing countries. At least 20 million people survive heart attacks and strokes every year; many require continuing costly clinical care. 09/11/2018

Cost of CVD WHO estimated: 17 million people die of CVDs each year CVD affects people in their mid-life years, undermining the socioeconomic development, not only of affected individuals, but families and nations 09/11/2018

Facts about prevention of CVD Many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can be prevented by: Combination of simple, cost-effective national efforts and individual actions to reduce major risk factors. Action on the major primary risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking. 09/11/2018

Individual Strategies which are effective in preventing CVD: Consume a diet high in fruits vegetables, nuts and whole grains, and low in refined grains. Avoid excessively salty or sugary foods. 09/11/2018

Individual Strategies which are effective in preventing CVD: At least 30 minutes of regular physical activity daily Avoid smoking Maintain a healthy weight. 09/11/2018

How to improve cardiovascular health 1. The population-wide approach 2. The individual approach 09/11/2018

1.The population-wide approach targets the whole community : Promoting the importance of CVD as a public health priority at all levels. Reducing tobacco consumption Modifying behavior relating to diet and physical activity 09/11/2018

How to improve cardiovascular health 2. The individualized approach aims to detect individuals at greatest absolute risk 09/11/2018

Action to Reduce CVD INCREASE AWARNESS OF CVD PREVENTION: Tobacco control Promote healthy diets Promote physical activity 09/11/2018

Action to Reduce CVD SCREENING: Screening service to assess the risk of developing heart disease MANAGEMENT: Primary and secondary prevention in individuals at high risk of CVD RESEARCH 09/11/2018