Completes Interactions REVIEW MODULE INSTRUCTIONS In DANCE Version 4.0, the definition for the behavior Completes Interaction remained the same although we revised the definitions for the terms to define to clarify observation of this behavior. Review the changes to the terms to define for the DANCE Completes Interactions behavior on the first two slides (this information is also found on the V4.0 DANCE Manual Replacement Pages). The information that was added/changed in Version 4.0 is in blue text. Then, test your knowledge by applying these DANCE definitions to observational scenarios on Slides #5-12. The scenarios are described on the odd numbered slides and the answers and explanation on the even number slides.

Completes Interactions TERMS TO DEFINE (Found on page 4.7 of the DANCE Coding Manual) Closure: Bringing an interaction to an end, actively supporting transition to a new interaction. There are two times when a caregiver needs to provide closure. The first is when an activity ends. For example, if a caregiver and child are playing and it’s time for a bath, the caregiver needs to provide closure so the child knows they are done with play and moving onto something else rather than just picking the child up and moving to the bathtub. The second is when the caregiver or child leaves the activity. An example is when a caregiver and child are playing and the doorbell rings. Play is still going on but the caregiver is leaving and needs to let the child know she is going to get the door.   Closure doesn’t have to be grand; it can be simple such as saying “All done.” It just needs to communicate to the child that the activity is over.

Completes Interactions TERMS TO DEFINE (Found on pages 4.7 / 4.8 of the DANCE Coding Manual) Interaction: Occurs when either the caregiver or child initiates an interaction or there is an assumption that an interaction is taking place such as a diaper change even if the caregiver does not acknowledge the child. In this context, interaction is not defined by a single exchange that occurs between the caregiver and child but is characterized by big picture events which include all the exchanges that occur in a caregiving activity such as play, feeding, soothing, bathing, and others. We do not observe Completes Interactions within an activity. For example, we are not observing during a feeding that the caregiver provide closure to peas, and then provided closure when moving to cereal, and then when moving to milk. We are observing the end of the feeding to see if the caregiver provided closure or not. Similarly for play, a caregiver and child may play with blocks, then move onto a ball, and then shift to playing with the cat. For this behavior, we are not looking for closure between each play activity but the entire play interaction when they are done. It’s not the mini transitions but the major ones at the end of feeding or play.

Completes Interactions TIPS for CODING Completes Interactions As a reminder, there is a difference in available coding options when coding Completes Interactions in the home compared to videotaped interactions. When coding during home visits, you will list a percentage from 0-100% describing the proportion of the home visits that the caregiver provides closure/completes interactions. During a videotaped interaction, there is also an option to code Completes Interactions as N/A. This option is available because the video may end before the actual end of the interaction. The N/A coding option is not an option on the home visit version of the coding sheet because a caregiving activity is a requirement to be able to complete a DANCE observation during a home visit. You can observe the caregiving activity as the interaction in the home and describe whether or not the caregiver completed the interaction with the child. In addition to the caregiving activity, there may be other interactions between the caregiver and child to observe during the course of the home visit.

Completes Interactions Scenario #1 Caregiver is sitting on sofa holding child while talking to the visitor. After a couple of minutes caregiver says “Let’s try some tummy time.” Caregiver moves to floor and places child in tummy time and says, “You seem to like the change of scenery.” After a couple of minutes child gets fussy and caregiver places child on his back. They play together for a couple more minutes. The video ends. Minute 0 Minute 2 Minute 4 Minute 6 Minute 8 How do you code the behavior Completes Interactions for this interaction? 100% 50% 0% N/A Other

Completes Interactions Scenario #1 ANSWER Caregiver sitting on sofa holding child while talking to the visitor. After a couple of minutes the child begins to show hunger cues. Caregiver moves to floor and places child in tummy time and says, “You seem to like the change of scenery.” After a couple of minutes child gets fussy and caregiver places child on his back. They play together for a couple more minutes. The video ends. Minute 0 Minute 2 Minute 4 Minute 6 Minute 8 d) N/A The video ended while the interaction was still taking place. Moving from sitting on the sofa to tummy time at minute 2 and from tummy time to lying on the back at minute 4 are not opportunities for completing interactions because the caregiver and child are interacting together and have not transitioned to a new activity. Therefore, you do not get to see the end of the interaction and the code is N/A.

Completes Interactions Scenario #2 Caregiver is sitting on sofa holding child while talking to both the child and the visitor. After a minute, the child begins to show hunger cues. Caregiver says, “You’re all done snuggling. It’s looks like you are getting hungry. Are you ready to eat?” and begins to breastfeed the child. The child stops sucking. The caregiving repositions the child to burp him saying “It looks like you are all done eating.” Child continues to feed for several minutes. Minute 0 Minute 1 Minute 4 Minute 7 Minute 8 How do you code the behavior Completes Interactions for this interaction? 100% 50% 0% N/A Other

Completes Interactions Scenario #2 ANSWER Caregiver is sitting on sofa holding child while talking to both the child and the visitor. After a minute, the child begins to show hunger cues. Caregiver says, “You’re all done snuggling. It’s looks like you are getting hungry. Are you ready to eat?” and begins to breastfeed the child. The child stops sucking. The caregiving repositions the child to burp him saying “It looks like you are all done eating.” Child continues to feed for several minutes. Minute 0 Minute 1 Minute 4 Minute 7 Minute 8 a) 100% In this scenario, there were two opportunities for closure. The first interaction ended when the child started showing hunger cues and was done snuggling. The caregiver provided closure by saying “You’re all done snuggling” and moved from play/holding to feeding. The second interaction ended when the child finished feeding. The caregiver provided closure for the end of the interaction by commenting that that the child was done eating. Therefore, you would code 100% for Completes Interactions if these were the only two transitions you observed during the entire DANCE observation period.

Completes Interactions Scenario #3 After several minutes the caregiver gets up and leaves without saying anything. A toddler and caregiver are playing together. The caregiving is gone for several minutes in the bathroom. Minute 0 Minute 4 Minute 7 How do you code the behavior Completes Interactions for this interaction? 100% 50% 0% N/A Other

Completes Interactions Scenario #3 ANSWER After several minutes the caregiver gets up and leaves without saying anything. A toddler and caregiver are playing together. The caregiver is gone for several minutes in the bathroom. Minute 0 Minute 4 Minute 7 c) 0% In this scenario there was one opportunity for the caregiver to complete interaction when the caregiver left the play interaction to go to the bathroom. The caregiver did not provide any closure. She could have provided closure by saying “I’ll be right back” or “I’ve got to go to the bathroom” although she did not. Therefore, you would code Completes Interactions for this scenario as 0%.

Completes Interactions Scenario #4 The caregiver then asks the child, “Do you want to read another one?” The child continues displaying engagement cues so the caregiver picks up another book and starts reading it. The video ends while they are reading the second book. Caregiver and child are reading a book together. After a few minutes, they reach the end of the book, the caregiver closes it and then says “The end.” Minute 0 Minute 3 Minute 6 How do you code the behavior Completes Interactions for this interaction? 100% 50% 0% N/A Other

Completes Interactions Scenario #4 The caregiver then asks the child, “Do you want to read another one?” The child continues displaying engagement cues so the caregiver picks up another book and starts reading it. The video ends while they are reading the second book. Caregiver and child are reading a book together. After a few minutes, they reach the end of the book, the caregiver closes it and then says “The end.” Minute 0 Minute 3 Minute 6 d) N/A This interaction involved the caregiver and child reading/sharing time together. Finishing one book and moving to another at minute 3 did not create an opportunity to complete an interaction. The caregiver and child were still interacting together in the same activity and had not transitioned to a different activity. This is considered a small transition in the same activity and does not meet the DANCE definition of an activity ending. Remember that interaction is not defined by a single exchange that occurs between the caregiver and child but is characterized by big picture events which include all the exchanges that occur in a caregiving activity such as play, feeding, soothing, bathing, and others. The video ends while they were reading the second book. Therefore, you do not get to see the end of the interaction and the code is N/A.