What does this pie chart tell us? What is the largest land use in U.S.?

How does our growing population affect the environment? Video Links: http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/news/7-billion/ngm-7billion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t54iKae1SiY

Land Use, Urbanization & Management

Essential Questions What are different land usages? What are some local land usages? What beneficial services do ecosystems provide? How have human activities impacted the land? What are some local and federal laws governing land usage?

Land Use - Goals What is the difference between land cover and land use? Urban and rural land? Describe how humans impact the land. Explain the concept of ecosystem services. Explain how urbanization occurs. Describe the environmental impacts of urbanization.

Most people used to live like this

Increasingly people live like this.

Major Urban Regions in U.S.

For the first time in history, there are now more urban residents than rural residents.

Land Use and Land Cover Land cover: Vegetation and structures that cover land. Land use: Human activities that occur on land. Humans change land cover, especially in urban areas. These changes have environmental and economic effects

What are some land uses and cover in Wanaque?

What do these bar graphs show us?

Urban vs. Rural Urban: Land mostly covered with buildings and roads (includes suburbs) Rural: Any other type of land use or land cover (includes forests, cropland, etc.)

The Urban-Rural Connection People are dependent on resources produced in rural areas (both city and rural) Resources include: clean drinking water, fertile soil and land for crops, trees for wood and paper, and much of the oxygen we breath, which is produced by plants An ecosystem service is the role that organisms play in creating a healthful environment for humans. Ecosystem Services (Crash Course)

The Urban-Rural Connection

Urbanization Occurs when people move from rural areas to cities Cities are not new, but the enormous size of today’s cities is. More than 20 cities have at least 10 million residents.

Why are people moving to cities and leaving rural life behind? SHOULD WE CARE? YES

Environmental Costs of Urbanization Pollution: Increased waste, industrial byproducts, noise pollution, light pollution What is noise pollution? Light pollution?

Noise Pollution

Light Pollution What the night should look like.

Environmental Costs of Urbanization Heat islands: Cities, several degrees warmer than surrounding areas, affect local weather and trap pollutants WHY?

TEMPERATURE

What can cities do to reduce this impact?

Environmental Costs of Urbanization Imported resources: Fossil fuels are burned to import food, water, fuel, and raw materials.

Environmental Benefits of Urbanization What do you think are some environmental benefits if cities?

Environmental Benefits of Urbanization Efficiency: Less fuel and resources needed to distribute goods and services to residents Universities and research centers: Urban areas tend to foster education and innovation. Land Preservation: Dense urban centers leave room for agriculture, wilderness, biodiversity, and privacy.

Land Use - Review What is the difference between land cover and land use? Describe how people impact the land. Explain how urbanization occurs. Describe the environmental impacts of urbanization

Land Use - Quiz 1) Which type of area would Miami, Florida, be considered? A. urban B. rural C. country D. suburban

2) What is one of the primary factors that draws people from rural areas to urban areas? A. less pollution B. more jobs C. more open space D. heat islands

3) A jackhammer on a city street is an example of which type of pollution? A. light B. water C. noise D. air

4) Trees, grass, crops, wetlands, water, buildings, and pavement are all examples of A. land use. B. land cover. C. urban areas. D. rural areas.

5) The primary type of land cover in the United States today is. A 5) The primary type of land cover in the United States today is A. forest land. B. cropland. C. urban land. D. parks and preserves.

6) Land that is sparsely populated and has few buildings or roads is defined as a(n) A. infrastructure. B. heat island. C. urban area. D. rural area.

7) The shift of a population from the countryside to cities is called A. urbanization. B. infrastructure. C. land preservation. D. an ecological footprint.

8) Describe this diagram. What does it show?

Urban Sprawl - Goals Describe what contributes to sprawl and its patterns. Explain the impacts of sprawl.

Los Angeles, CA, is one the most sprawling U.S. cities.

In 1950, 65% of the U.S. population lived in urban (including suburban) areas, while 35% lived rurally. In 2010, 89% was urban and only 11% rural.

What is sprawl? The spread of low-density urban or suburban development outward from a dense urban core Often, growth of suburban areas outpaces population growth because suburbs allow more space per person than cities

Per Capita Land Consumption

Primary Contributors to Sprawl Population Growth Increase per capita land use Cheap gasoline Decay of inner cities Cheaper to build new than rebuild (less expensive land)

Primary Contributors to Sprawl 6) Improved road system 7) Affordable cars 8) Government subsidies of mortgages, infrastructure projects

Contributors to Sprawl

Patterns of Sprawl Uncentered commercial strip development Low-density single-use residential development Scattered, or leapfrog, development Sparse street network

Why care about sprawl?

Impacts of Sprawl Transportation: Little to no public transportation Must use car to get anything Air pollution

Impacts of Sprawl Public health: May promote inactivity, and by extension obesity and high blood pressure

Impacts of Sprawl Land Use: Less land left as open space, forests, and farms Habitat destruction and fragmentation Farmland destroyed Road kill Soil erosion

Impacts of Sprawl Economics: Wealth tending to concentrate in suburbs, leaving urban areas poor Decline of town centers

Impacts of Sprawl Water Pollution Wetland Destruction Increased runoff Increased flooding risk

TEXAS HILL COUNTRY

Urban Sprawl - Review Describe what contributes to sprawl and its patterns. Explain the impacts of sprawl.

Section 2 Quiz 1) Sprawl increases carbon dioxide emissions by A. generating more factories. B. increasing the need to drive. C. resulting in more tree growth. D. expanding the use of public transportation.

2) Per capita land consumption means. A. the amount of land a 2) Per capita land consumption means A. the amount of land a country uses as a whole. B. the amount of land each person uses. C. the type of land covered by state capitals. D. the type of land on which people live.

3) Which of the following factors contributed to sprawl in the United States? A. more affordable automobiles B. improved roads C. less expensive land D. all of the above

4) Explain how sprawl affects human health.