AIM: How does HIV cause someone to get sick?

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Presentation transcript:

AIM: How does HIV cause someone to get sick? DO NOW: 1.) What is a pathogen? 2.) What is an antigen? 3.) What is an antibody? A pathogen is an microbe that causes disease An antigen is the protein receptor on the surface of the pathogen An antibody is produced by our white blood cells in response to an antigen, it marks the pathogen to be destroyed.

VIRUS STRUCTURE Viruses are neither living nor non-living Viruses contain genetic information in the form of DNA or RNA Viruses use receptors to enter cells

How does HIV Infected your cells? Binding and Fusion- HIV binds to two receptors on cell membrane of helper T cell (CD4+) Reverse Transcriptase- HIV enzyme converts viral RNA into DNA Integration- viral enzyme adds virus DNA into our DNA Transcription- Virus DNA uses your enzymes to make more virus. Assembly- Virus enzyme cuts proteins to make new virus particles Budding-newly assembled virus pinches off your cell membrane to make its cell membrane

How does HIV affect the Immune System? HIV’s gp120 antigen targets T cells because of CD4+ receptor HIV takes control of T cells that normally activate rest of immune response People with HIV/AIDS are susceptible to opportunistic pathogens, like pneumonia, influenza, and thrush (fungal infections).

How do we test for HIV? Two Different Types of Tests MORE INFORMATION Antibodies against HIV, takes 2 to 8 weeks to develop antibodies against HIV. If a negative result <3 months, should be tested again RNA test, looks for the viral genetic information directly 9-11 days after infection Expensive, offered by few states MORE INFORMATION www.hivtest.org 1-800-CDC-INFO

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