DO NOW Turn in Review #12 Pick up review #13 and notes sheet

Looking Back…. What type of: Stress? Force? Fault? Landform? Compression Destructive Reverse Mountains

When Tectonic Plates Meet (Usually…) MOUNTAIN BUILDING When Tectonic Plates Meet (Usually…) SES2. Students will understand how plate tectonics creates certain geologic features, materials, and hazards. b. Relate modern and ancient geologic features to each kind of plate tectonic setting.

MOUNTAINS AND PLATE BOUNDARIES Convergent Boundaries Folded Mountains Dome Mountains Volcanoes Divergent Boundaries Fault-block Mountains Transform Boundaries Not usually any mountains. No Boundaries

MOUNTAINS FROM CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES Mountains form where plates collide. Crumpling or folding of crust. Volcanoes appear – with oceanic crust.

COMPRESSION STRESS Forces that deform the crust. Presses together. Convergent Boundary Reverse fault Boundary Stresses Faults Convergent Compression Reverse

FOLDS Bend in rock – the result of compression stress. Deformations Cracks sometimes appear Rock layers deformed but commonly remain intact.

CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO CONTINENTAL CRUST Mountains form where plates collide. Created the Appalachian mountains about 500 mya. Place of ancient plate boundaries.

CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO CONTINENTAL CRUST Created Himalayan mountains about 40 mya. Pressure and heat built up. Metamorphic rock formed deep. Mineral resources depend on original rock.

TYPE OF MOUNTAINS: FOLDED Plate movement squeezes rock layers together . Compression force Accordion-like folds Appalachian Mountains, parts of Alps, and the Himalayans

CONVERGENT: OCEANIC TO OCEANIC CRUST Both plates under ocean. Subduction zone created. Denser plate slips under less dense plate Deep ocean trenches form.

CONVERGENT: OCEANIC TO OCEANIC CRUST Volcanoes form. Volcanic island arcs form – Caribbean Islands. Mineral rich - hot water rises through volcanic rock, heats up and carries dissolved minerals into surrounding rocks.

CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO OCEANIC CRUST Oceanic crust is more dense, slips under continental crust. Subduction zone created. Denser plate slips under less dense plate Deep ocean trenches form.

CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL TO OCEANIC CRUST Mountains and volcanoes form. Mineral rich - hot water rises through volcanic rock, heats up and carries dissolved minerals into surrounding rocks – include copper, gold deposits.

TYPE OF MOUNTAINS: VOLCANIC Partial melting of the mantle and crust magma. Convergent Plate boundaries. Opening in crust - magma, volcanic ash, and gases escape .

MOUNTAINS FROM DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES Formed where plates pull apart. One plate pushed up, the other collapses. From diverging continental plates. Uplifted blocks can be tilted. Collapsed blocks can be filled in with sediment. Diverging ocean plates form mid-ocean ridges which are underwater mountains.

TENSION STRESS Force that deforms the crust - pulls apart. Divergent Boundary Normal fault Horst – uplifted part Graben - valleys Boundary Stresses Faults Divergent Tension Normal

TYPE OF MOUNTAINS: FAULT-BLOCK Crust stretches and breaks – called rifting. Tension force Faulting or breaking occurs. Blocks tilt and drop. Shear rock faces exposed from faulting. Sierra Nevada range in California.

MOUNTAINS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PLATE BOUNDARIES: DOME MOUNTAINS Magma pushes the earth’s crust from underneath. Never reaches Earth’s surface. Cools and forms a mountain.

MOUNTAINS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH PLATE BOUNDARIES: DOME MOUNTAINS Over time the mountain is exposed and weathers. Forms a dome shape. Examples: Black hills of South Dakota. Adirondack Mountains in New York. Stone Mountain

AGING MOUNTAINS Over time new mountains weather and erode and age. Amount of weathering indicates age: OLD: Appalachians are rounded and weathered NEW: Himalayans are steep and jagged

Mountain Building from the Past

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! FOLDED

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! VOLCANIC

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! DOME

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! FAULT-BLOCK

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! DOME

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! FOLDED

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! VOLCANIC

NAME THAT MOUNTAIN! FAULT-BLOCK

TO DO Review #13 Metamorphic Rock lab