Ch. 2 History and Keeping Time

History is the study of what happened in the past.

Pre-history was the time before writing was invented.

Before writing was invented, history was passed down through oral tradition.

Anthropology is the study of the origin of human societies and cultures and their development (evolution of societies).

Biological seek to understand how humans adapt to different environments, what causes disease and early death. To do this, they study humans (living and dead) and human ancestors (fossils). anthropologists

Historians use primary and secondary sources to interpret what life was like in the past.

Primary sources are materials that were created during the time of study.

Secondary sources are records of the past that are based on studies of primary sources.

A historical source shows bias when the author clearly likes or dislikes a key figure.

Primary/Secondary Source Assign. Read section about primary and secondary sources and work with your groups to determine which is primary or secondary. SKIP! Primary/Secondary Source Assign.

Many important sources from the past have been destroyed or lost Many important sources from the past have been destroyed or lost. This makes it impossible to understand certain past cultures.

Archaeologists are people who use science to study and interpret the remains of past cultures. Lesson # 2

Archeology is the study of the remains of past cultures.

Our understanding of prehistory is often based on the work done by archaeologists.

Archeologists and historians can sometimes make conclusions about life in past cultures.

Artifacts are objects made in the past, which can tell how people lived.

Archaeologists carefully dig up, or excavate historical sites.

They use carbon dating to discover the age of the artifact and save these remains.

Timelines Sept. 11, 2011 July 1-3, 1863 Dec. 7, 1941 Another tool historians use are timelines. A timeline is a line marked with a series of events and dates put in chronological order. July 1-3, 1863 Dec. 7, 1941 Sept. 11, 2011 Timelines

Organize history by beginning with a key event from the past Organize history by beginning with a key event from the past. Much of the world uses the birth date of Jesus as a key event. Years before that, dates were labeled as B.C. (Before Christ) or B.C.E. (Before Common Era). Years after Jesus’ birth are labeled A.D. (anno Domini, Latin for “in the year of our Lord) or C.E. (Common Era). Let’s practice timelines. Timeline Work

Konrad Spindler was the German archaeologists who studied the Iceman.

The Iceman was discovered in the snowy Alps. Let’s read on pg The Iceman was discovered in the snowy Alps. Let’s read on pg. 33 in blue book.

The Iceman was encased in ice.

The Iceman was found with his tools, net and belongings around him.

Technology – the use of skills and tools to meet practical needs.