UNDERSTANDING VINYL ESTER AND EPOXY TANK LINING PROPERTIES FOR THE POWER INDUSTRY: TIPS FOR OWNERS 06.14.2014

Permeation Protection Temperature Resistance Chemical Resistance Outline Permeation Protection Temperature Resistance Chemical Resistance Abrasion Resistance Film Thickness Flexibility / Elongation 06.04.2014

Labor / Application Considerations Outline Adhesion Cure Material Pricing Labor / Application Considerations 06.04.2014

OVERVIEW The process of burning fossil fuels to generate electricity creates many corrosive environments including storage of corrosive chemicals, containing chemical and dewatering processes, and transfer of gasses, liquids, and solids many of which are elevated temperatures. This presentation deals with defining and evaluating some of the variables associated with the selection of the proper epoxy or vinyl ester based materials for the protection of the power producers’ assets. 06.04.2014

Permeation Protection Barrier coatings – remove the electrolyte bridge from the corrosion process Permeation Definition - Permeation is the penetration of a permeate (liquid, gas, or vapor) through a solid. Role in corrosion Measurement by ASTM E-96 Application factors that effect permeation Coatings characteristics that effect permeation 10.11.2018

Temperature Resistance Glass Transition - Tg Maximum Temperature Resistance Dry Immersion (water) Chemical Specific Considerations 10.11.2018

Chemical Resistance Is a function of the lining base chemistry Average Molecular Weight Degree of cross linking Data should be obtained from manufacturer General lining chemistry can be researched through generic chemical resistance tables Temperature dependent Caution should be used in evaluating mixtures and/or the effect of sunlight 10.11.2018

Abrasion Resistance ASTM D4060 – Taber testing Abrasion variables Comparing “Apples to Apples” Wheel Weight Revolutions Evaluating the results Abrasion variables Type of solids Amount of solids 10.11.2018

Abrasion Resistance A function of the polymer’s strength Additives Ceramic Linings Reinforcements 10.11.2018

Film Thickness Effect of Physical Performance Return on investment Permeation performance Abrasion performance Flexibility Return on investment Minimum to function No appreciable improvement 10.11.2018

Flexibility / Elongation The importance is a function of the application Vinyl Ester vs. Epoxy Exceptions Tests for Tensile Properties ASTM D638 ASTM D882 10.11.2018

Adhesion Adhesion – Bond strength Stress Factors Tests Thermal Coefficient of expansion Physical Forces Tests ASTM D4541 – Steel ASTM D7234 - Concrete 10.11.2018

Cure Materials cure through polymerization (chemical reaction) Dry vs. Cure Recoat Time to final cure Ambient/Forced Cure Environmental Effects Temperature Moisture Oxygen Sunlight 10.11.2018

Material Price Evaluation of the price of material $’s/gallon Percent solids Coverage rates Life Cycle Evaluation Expected life of equipment Number of applications Cost of application Cost of down time Cost of Access 10.11.2018

Labor / Application Considerations Man Power Man Power Loading Skill Requirements Material Factors Number of coats Complexity Application Methods Value / Cost 10.11.2018

Conclusion Epoxy and Vinyl Ester chemistry has been used to formulate a wide range of coatings and linings to successfully perform in a number of very different environments. In order to achieve this performance there are variables to be considered when trying to match the right coating to your application. Proper research into the application’s requirements and coating/lining’s properties should be made before specifying the product(s) to be used. 10.11.2018

Questions?? 10.11.2018

Thank you 10.11.2018