CHAPTER 1 & 2 REVIEW Grading Rubric

1. What is the smallest unit of matter?

1. What is the smallest unit of matter? An atom

2. What characteristics do all living things share?

2. What characteristics do all living things share? All are made of one or more cells All need energy for metabolism All respond to their environment All have DNA that they pass on to offspring

3. What is homeostasis?

3. What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the maintenance of constant internal conditions.

4. What are the advantages of using computer models in biological research?

4. What are the advantages of using computer models in biological research? Computer models are used to study systems that cannot be studied directly (i.e. Spread of a diseases through a population)

5. What is a hypothesis?

5. What is a hypothesis? An “educated” guess about a scientific question (should always be If → then → because statement)

6. What is a theory?

6. What is a theory? A well supported hypothesis (Theories explain a wide range of observations and experimental results and are supported by a wide range of scientific evidence.

7. What is the definition of a species?

7. What is the definition of a species? A species is one particular type of living thing and can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

8. What are the four main types of carbon-based compounds found in living things?

8. What are the four main types of carbon-based compounds found in living things? Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

9. What is an ion?

9. What is an ion? An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons Positive ions -lost electron(s) Negative ions -gain electron(s)

10. What unique quality does carbon posses that allows it to form large organic compounds?

10. What unique quality does carbon posses that allows it to form large organic compounds? Carbon can forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms.

11. What are the steps in the Scientific Method?

11. What are the steps in the Scientific Method? Observation Form a hypothesis Test hypothesis Analyze data Form conclusion

12. What is a controlled experiment?

12. What is a controlled experiment? An experiment in which all variables are controlled but the one you are testing

13. What aspect of a chemical reaction is affected by enzymes?

13. What aspect of a chemical reaction is affected by enzymes? The speed of reaction

14. What is the name given for genetic changes in living things over time?

14. What is the name given for genetic changes in living things over time? Evolution

15. How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction?

15. How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction? It lowers the activation energy (the energy it takes to get a reaction started)

16. What is the pH of an acid, a base, and a neutral solution?

16. What is the pH of an acid, a base, and a neutral solution?

Hydrogen ion concentration increase as substance becomes more acidic

17. During an experiment, which factors are observed and measured?

17. During an experiment, which factors are observed and measured? Independent variables are manipulated Dependent variables are observed and measured.

18. What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond?

18. What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond? Covalent- shares electrons Ionic- Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions

Glycerol and Fatty Acids 19. Complete the table below: Organic Compound Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Glucose (Monosaccharide) Starch Glycogen Cellulose Lipid Glycerol and Fatty Acids Fats Oils Waxes Protein Amino acid Nucleic Acid Nucleotide Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)

19. Complete the table below: Organic Compound Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

20. What is biodiversity?

20. What is biodiversity? Biodiversity is the variety of life

21. What is the negative feedback process?

21. What is the negative feedback process? Negative feedback systems return a condition to its normal (set) point. (Homeostasis is usually maintained through negative feedback)

22. What are the three particles found in an atom, and where are they found in the atom?

22. What are the three particles found in an atom, and where are they found in the atom? Protons and neutons in nucleus Electrons orbiting nucleus

23. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction below 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

23. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction below 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Reactants Products

24. What is a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide?

24. What is a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide? Monosaccharide is the monomer of a polysaccharide (the polymer) polymer monomer

25. When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a(an)?

25. When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a(an)? Theory