The Cold War 1945-1991 United States (US) vs The Cold War 1945-1991 United States (US) vs. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) Democracy/Capitalism vs. Communism 1 1

Post-WWII Decolonization Movements WWII highlighted problems that came with colonization, dependency and a large empire. In the decades that followed, Western powers gave independence to their colonies. This was vital to promoting strength of democracy! South Africa (Nelson Mandela) India (Gandhi) Philippines (U.S.)

Post-WWII Superpowers Europe is destroyed. No longer are Germany, France or Great Britain in power. Power has shifted to the United States and the Soviet Union. Land, strength of military, lack of debt

Cold War Characteristics A conflict of ideas without actual battlefields or armies facing off Political, strategic, economic, and ideological conflicts between the US and USSR (eventually spread throughout the world) War of ideologies: Capitalist Democracy vs. Communism Struggle that contained everything short of war Both aimed to spread their ideology and stop the others 7 7

Six major strategies were used by both sides: 1. 1. Brinkmanship 2. Espionage 3. Foreign aide 4. Alliances 5. Propaganda 6. Arms/Space Race 3. 2. 4. 5. 6. 8 8

Goals in the Cold War United States Soviet Union (USSR) Aide nations threatened by communism Promote democracy throughout the world Containment: Stop the spread of communism “Domino Theory” Encourage pro-Soviet govs. on its borders to increase security Satellite States (pol/econ linked to USSR) Expand & Spread communism around the world (believed they had “won” WWII)

Goals in the Cold War United States  NATO Soviet Union (USSR)  WARSAW PACT North Atlantic Treaty Organization Organization of communist states in Central and Eastern Europe

Proxy Wars A war instigated by a major power that does not itself become involved USSR and US gave military support & aide to other nations fighting on their behalf

Proxy Wars: China US supported nationalists; USSR supported communists Communists win = hostility towards US Mao Zedong in power

Proxy Wars: Korea Post-WWII Korea was divided along the 38th parallel North became communist with aide from USSR South became democratic with aide from US After three years of war  stalemate!

Proxy Wars: Vietnam Post-WWII Vietnam was divided along the 17th parallel North became communist with aide from USSR South was democratic with aide from US 10 years of US involvement, 211,000 American deaths, billions of dollars, division of public opinion = failure of containment!!! North was victorious and all of Vietnam fell to communism

Proxy Wars: Cuba 1959: Castro comes to power in Cuba by overthrowing the pro-US leader with aide from USSR USSR places missiles in Cuba  US places missiles in Turkey Able to avoid nuclear war Leads to closed door policy: complete cut-off of trade, travel, communication

Post-Cold War Globalization Process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture The globe becomes connected!!! Monument to Multiculturalism by Francesco Perilli in Toronto, Canada. Four identical sculptures are located in South Africa; China; Sarajevo, Bosnia and Australia

Effects of Globalization Population Density: Number of people living in an area of land https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xG-meaGqg-M

Effects of Globalization Deforestation: Removal of forest to acquire resources or establish farms, ranches or urban areas, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4jhjt1_eyM

Effects of Globalization Resource Scarcity: the lack of sufficient available resources to meet the demands of people Countries may acquire resources by force (often leads to conflict/wars – Middle East!) Water scarcity: More than 1.2 billion people lack access to clean drinking water https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNdbj3PbX6o