Roboethics By Kevin and James

What is the problem ? What is Ethics an Issue in Robotics? Fear of Rebellion against humanity since first introduction in Fiction But actual ethical questions do also arise Examples Include: Robots Harming People (Killbots, Self Driving Cars, Etc) Robots causing Loss of Worker Revenue (Robots replacing Workers) Why? (These questions should probably be asked in the lecture, rather than stated on the slides)

History 1942 Isaac Asimov wrote “Runaround” Three laws of robotics A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws The first appearance of ethics in robotics <-can be told, doesn’t have to be in slides itself.

History 2004 : First International Symposium on Roboethics 3 diverse mindsets appear after heavy debate There exist no ethical problems in the field of robotics Focus should be on short term ethical issues Focus should be on long term ethical dilemmas Concern was raised about ethics in robotics Roboethics -- Gianmarco Veruggio

Robots: Ethical Issues? What’s That? Robots simply a form of technological advancement Partially a technologically deterministic view on Robotics Tech will always improve, and will always get better No sense in attaching ethics, as humans have no responsibility on technological improvements Equally an Instrumentalist view on Robotics Tech is simply a means to an end Nothing but a tool, and will eventually become the best tool for the job Takes a technological determinist view on Robotics Tech. Det. is a philosophy that believes that tech will advance on its own, irrelevant to the progress on society. As such tech improvements are always a linear movement forward, and therefore always improving to a better Tech has a life of its own Original slide: Robots are means of technological advancement Strictly technical No social responsibility No moral responsibility No ethical responsibility Robots are tools to be used by humanity Natural advancement in our technology

Focusing on the Short Term Ethics should be focused on near future Only Immediate positive and negative impacts of robotics For Example: Using a Robot to help the elderly would be good Using a Robot to kill others would be bad Flaws with this perspective Based on current social/moral views Based on personal values Not Consistent Concerned only with short term effects of robotics Saw only the ‘good’ and the ‘bad’ Example : robot helps old person cross street == good ! Example : robot used to kill someone == bad ! Flawed Based of social and moral views of the time Varies from person to person CAN CHANGE !!!

Long Term Vision: Ethical Issues Focus on ethical questions from long term use of robotics Lost Jobs Technological Divides Social Standing Reduced human interactions Dependence on Robots Robots can help in society, but they can also be a detriment to society Original Below Concerned with the long term effect on robotics on society Jobs Social standing Technological divide Position in society Etc… Thoughts ?

Examples of Ethical Questions: 1 Meet Carl, a long-haul trucker Together with many coworkers, laid off due to introduction of self-driving transport trucks Workers who remained receive pay cuts due to lower demand Photo by Michel Rathwell; The photo can be found at https://goo.gl/ftje43 Whose fault is it ? Engineer Investors Employer His own Why did it happen ? Who should take responsibility? https://www.wired.com/story/what-does-teslas-truck-mean-for- truckers/

Ethical Questions: Carl the Truck Driver Whose fault is it that Carl was laid off? Why did he lose his job? Is it right that this happens?

Examples of Ethical Questions: 2 Your business partner had developed an improvement on fully automated drones Now capable of delivering everything from Packages to Pizza Massively Increases Productivity Government interested in tech First, to deliver supplies into hard to reach areas Later, as a weapons platform Should we do it ? Is it wrong ? How are these drones affecting our society ? Who should take responsibility?

Ethical Questions: Fully Automated Drones Who should take the responsibility for these future drones, consumers, manufacturers, or society as a whole? Should drones ever be weaponized? How will the increased use of drones affect society as a whole?

Ethical Questions: Current Reality Companies are already gravitating towards automating many jobs Cars Delivery Assembly By 2030, an estimated 800 million jobs will be replaced by robots No need for rest/breaks No training required Much lower long term costs Robots are already being weaponized by militaries around the world But not all side effects of robotic use are negative Applications of robots in medical fields is being researched to improve techniques New technologies could create new job opportunities Cars (uber, tesla) Delivery (amazon ,dominoes) Assembly (every car manufacturing company) Robots are already being weaponized by militaries around the world - See drones for an example Not all bad news This has happened before with computers New technology tend to created new job opportunities Just like with computers Just have to adapt and find new means of employment

One last issue ! Are robots just tools for humanity to use or are they our partners to coexist with moving forward? 2017 a robot named Sophia was granted saudi arabian citizenship Sophia was even given a title by the UN first ever Innovation Champion the first non-human to be given any United Nations title. But that raises a question !