Suez Canal Figures & Photos 1859 1869 1882 1914 1940 1954 1956 1975 Suez Canal Authority 1859 1869 1882 1914 1940 1954 1956 1975 1980 1994 1996 2002 2008 Suez Canal Figures & Photos

Linking the two seas through the Nile branches SC in the History Suez Canal Authority 1887 BC Canal of the Pharos - Sesostris ( Senusret III ) 1310 BC Canal of the Pharos - ( Seti I ) 610 BC Canal of the Pharos - ( Necho ) 510 BC Canal of the Persians - ( King Darius ) 285 BC Canal of the Ptolemans - ( Ptolemy II ) 117 AD Canal of the Romans - ( Trajan ) 640 AD Canal of Arab ـ ( Emir El-Mo’ meneen ) Canal of Sesostris Linking the two seas through the Nile branches 2

Days to Remember 17/11/1869 Inauguration of the Suez Canal Suez Canal Authority 17/11/1869 Inauguration of the Suez Canal 26/7/1956 Nationalization of the Suez Canal 15/9/1956 Withdrawal of foreign pilots 29/10/1956 Closure of the Suez Canal ( 1956 War ) 10/4/1957 Reopening the Canal following the Suez War 5/6/1967 Closure of the Canal ( 1967 War ) 6/10/1973 October War 5/6/1975 Reopening the Canal after October War 16/12/1980 The Canal Development Project ( First Stage )

Digging of the SC (1) First Concession Agreement - 30 November 1854 Suez Canal Authority First Concession Agreement - 30 November 1854 Founding the Suez Canal Company -15 December 1858 Start of digging - 27 April 1859 End of digging works - 12 August 1869 Digging and sand removal works First digging works

Digging of the SC (2) Volume of excavation Digging Costs Suez Canal Authority Volume of excavation 74 million cubic meters of sand Digging Costs 369 million French Francs ( 14 million Egyptian Pounds ) Digging Costs 369 million French Francs ( 14 million Egyptian Pounds ) Digging works at Ismailia Peoples worked in the digging 1.5 million Peoples lost their lives 120,000 Laborers during the digging works

Stages of Digging (1)-18 March 1862 Suez Canal Authority (1)-18 March 1862 Mediterranean waters had flowed into Lake Timsah (2)- 18 March 1869 Mediterranean waters had reached the Bitter Lakes (3)- 15 August 1869 Red Sea waters had reached the small Bitter Lakes (4)- 18 August 1869 The two seas had been linked (1) (2) (4) (3)

SC Inauguration Ceremony Suez Canal Authority Opening Ceremony in Egypt (1) 17 November 1869 Ceremony’s attendances 6000 Dignitaries Ceremony’s Cost LE 2 million Main Stage for high-ranking Dignitaries Dinner banquet in Ismailia

SC Inauguration Ceremony Suez Canal Authority Opening Ceremony in Egypt (2) Hundreds of tents, a luxurious palace, an opera house and more than 77 vessels & boats on Lake Timsah were at the disposal of the honored guests

SC Inauguration Ceremony Suez Canal Authority Opening Ceremony in Egypt (3) State delegates who attended the Ceremony Guests of the Inauguration Ceremony

Development of the Waterway Suez Canal Authority Description 1869 1956 At Present Overall length Km 164 175 190.3 Doubled parts - 29 78 Canal depth M 10 14 22.5 Permissible max. draught Ft 22 35 62 Permissible max. size of laden ship 1000 DWT 5 30 220

Night traffic started on 1st March 1887 Suez Canal Authority

Convention of Constantinople Suez Canal Authority 19 October 1888 ( Guaranteed Right of Passage of all Ships through the SC ) It was signed by Great Britain, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and Turkey

Persons in the History of SC Suez Canal Authority Before the Digging of the Present Canal The Pharaoh (Senusret III) 610 BC Persian King (Darius) 510 BC Roman King (Trajan) 117 AD Ptolemy II 285 BC

Persons in the History of SC Said Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt Suez Canal Authority During the Digging of the Present Canal Said Pasha, Viceroy of Egypt (1863-1854) De Lesseps (1805-1894) Khedive Ismail (1863-1879)

Egypt’s Rulers & Kings before 1952 Suez Canal Authority Egypt’s Rulers & Kings before 1952 Viceroy Said ( 1854 – 1863 ) Khedive Ismail ( 1863 – 1879 ) Khedive Tewfiq ( 1879 – 1892 ) Khedive Abbas Helmi II ( 1892 – 1914 ) Sultan Hussain Kamel ( 1914 – 1917 ) King Fouad I ( 1917 – 1936 ) King Farouk I ( 1936 – 1952 )

Egypt’s Presidents after 1952 Suez Canal Authority Egypt’s Presidents after 1952 Mohammed Naguib ( 1952 – 1954 ) Gamal Abdel Nasser ( 1954 – 1970 ) Anwar Al-Sadat ( 1970 – 1981 ) Hosni Mubarak ( 1981 – 2011)

Prince Auguste-Louis-Albéric ( 1896 – 1913 ) SC Chairmen Suez Canal Authority ( Before the Nationalization of the SC - 26 July 1956 ) De Lesseps ( 1855 – 1894 ) Jules Guichard ( 1894 – 1896 ) Prince Auguste-Louis-Albéric ( 1896 – 1913 ) François Chales -Roux ) 1948 - 1956 ) Charles Jonnart ) 1913 – 1927 ) Louis de Vogüé ( 1927 – 1948 )

( After the Nationalization of the SC - 26 July 1956 ) SC Chairmen Suez Canal Authority ( After the Nationalization of the SC - 26 July 1956 ) Dr. Helmi Bahgat Badawy ( 1956 – 1957 ) Eng. Mashhour A. Mashhour ( 1965 – 1983 ) Eng. Mahmoud Younis ( 1957 – 1965 ) Eng. M. Ezzat Adel ( 1984 – 1995 ) Admiral Ahmed Fadel ( 1996 – Present )

Doubled Parts of the SC 1)- Port-Said Bypass ( 27 km - Dug in 1980 ) Suez Canal Authority 1)- Port-Said Bypass ( 27 km - Dug in 1980 ) 2)- Ballah Bypass ( 10 km - Dug in 1955 ) 3)- Timsah Bypass ( 4 km - Dug in 1980 ) 4)- Difresoir & kabreet Bypass ( 27 km - Dug in 1980 )

(1)- British Occupation of Egypt Events and Wars Suez Canal Authority (1)- British Occupation of Egypt 13 September 1882 Tel El-Kebir battle was the beginning of the British occupation of Egypt which lasted for 72 years Orabi deceived by the promise of De Lesseps that the canal not be used for war purpose, had opposed the idea of closing the canal to protect Egypt against British Occupation Tal El-Kebir Battle

from it’s nationalization to the closure due to the war Events and Wars Suez Canal Authority (2)- War 1956 29 October 1956 The Israeli attack 31 October 1956 The British / French attack 1 November 1956 Interruption of the navigation 23 December 1956 Egypt retrieved Port Said ( Victory Day ) SC remained under Egypt’s stewardship for 99 days from it’s nationalization to the closure due to the war

Events and Wars (3)- War 1967 World economy sustained Suez Canal Authority (3)- War 1967 World economy sustained a loss of US$ 7 Billion SC was closed for 8 years ( 5 June 1967 to 5 June 1975 ) Suez Canal Authority building in Port Said

Events and Wars (4)- War 1973 Egyptian flag hoisted on Suez Canal Authority (4)- War 1973 Egyptian flag hoisted on Bar Lev fortified line Egyptian soldiers overrun the ramparts along the Canal

Second re-opening of SC Suez Canal Authority ( 5 June 1975 ) A note commemorating the re-opening occasion Re-opening ceremony in Port-Said

Dates of SC closures Suez Canal Authority 5 Days In August 1882 during the British aggression on Egypt 76 Days During the world war II 4 Days ( 31/12/1954 - 4/1/1955 ) - Tanker’s collision with Ferdan bridge 159 Days ( 2/11/1956 - 10/4/1957 ) - The tripartite aggression on Egypt 8 Years ( 5/6/1967 - 4/6/1975 ) - Following the 1967 war 3 Days ( 7/11/2005 - 9/11/2005 ) - when a vessel grounded at km 62

SC Share of World Seaborne Trade Traffic Statistics Suez Canal Authority 1869 1956 2008 No of vessels 104 3 291 22 000 Net Ton 81 000 Ton 107 M. Ton 900 M. Ton Toll Revenues FF 1.3 Million US$ 39 Million US$ 5 Billion SC Share of World Seaborne Trade 10 %

Saving in Distance via SC Suez Canal Authority Rotterdam Via Cape 11 169 mile Via SC 6 436 mile Ras Tanura From To Saving N. Miles % Ras Tanura Lavera 966 57   Rotterdam 7334 42 Jeddah Pireas 8879 88 Singapore 6473 29

Traffic System Three convoys / day ( 2 Southbound & 1 Northbound ) Suez Canal Authority Three convoys / day ( 2 Southbound & 1 Northbound ) Pilotage is compulsory in the Canal ( 4 Pilots are assigned for each ship throughout its trip in the Canal ) Permissible speed is 13 - 14 km / hr Time interval between vessels is 10-16 min or 2 - 3 km Average transit time is 12 - 15 hrs N2 N1 S

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