IPPC Consultation Period 1 July to 30 September 2016 Draft Amendments to ISPM 5 (2016) GLOSSARY OF PHYTOSANITARY TERMS (1994-001) IPPC Consultation Period 1 July to 30 September 2016

The Glossary is constantly being updated. This can involve: Background Because of this, make sure you only use the latest version of the Glossary! The Glossary is constantly being updated. This can involve: additions, revisions, deletions This year, the proposal is: 1 addition 6 revisions and 2 deletions The Glossary is constantly being updated. This can involve additions, revisions or deletions. Because of this, make sure you only use the latest version of the Glossary! This year, there is one addition, six revisions and two deletions proposal.

List of amendments Addition Revisions Deletions exclusion (of a pest) contaminating pest, contamination endangered area quarantine test, visual examination Revisions kiln-drying pre-clearance Deletions Addition - exclusion (of a pest) Revisions - contaminating pest, contamination - endangered area - quarantine - test, visual examination Deletions - kiln-drying - pre-clearance

Addition “Exclusion (of a pest)”: It is useful to add this term to the existing collection of “control”-related terms, which includes “containment”, “control (of a pest)”, “eradication” and “suppression”. For consistency with these four definitions, it is recommended to use “phytosanitary measures” rather than “official measures”. “Exclusion (of a pest)”: “Application of phytosanitary measures to prevent the introduction of a pest into an area” For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 1.1 “exclusion (of a pest)” (2010-008) “Exclusion (of a pest)”: “Application of phytosanitary measures to prevent the introduction of a pest into an area” It is useful to add this term to the existing collection of “control”-related terms, which includes “containment”, “control (of a pest)”, “eradication” and “suppression”. For consistency with these four definitions, it is recommended to use “phytosanitary measures” rather than “official measures”.

Revisions “Contaminating pest”, “Contamination” Duplication or considerable overlap between definitions should normally be avoided The deletion of the term “contaminating pest” was not supported in 2013, because the concept covered by the term “hitch-hiker pest” would have been partly lost If the definition of “contamination” was deleted, the symmetry between the definitions of “infestation” and “contamination” would be lost, whereas the wording “infestation or contamination” is often used in ISPMs Therefore, it is proposed to maintain both definitions, but to revise them for a better alignment and cross-referring “Contaminating pest”, “Contamination” For further comments on these terms, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 2.1 “contaminating pest”, “contamination” (2012-001) “Contaminating pest”, “Contamination” Duplication or considerable overlap between definitions should normally be avoided. The deletion of the term “contaminating pest” was not supported in 2013, because the concept covered by the term “hitch-hiker pest” would have been partly lost. If the definition of “contamination” was deleted, the symmetry between the definitions of “infestation” and “contamination” would be lost, whereas the wording “infestation or contamination” is often used in ISPMs. Therefore, it is proposed to maintain both definitions, but to revise them for a better alignment and cross-referring

Revisions (con’t) “Contaminating pest”: “A pest that is carried by present in or on a commodity, storage place, conveyance or container, and that, in the case of plants and plant products, does not infest them those plants or plant products” “Contaminating pest”: “Presence of a contaminating pest or unintended presence of a regulated article in or on a commodity, storage place, conveyance or container, of pests or other regulated articles, not constituting an infestation (see infestation)” “Contamination”: For further comments on these terms, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 2.1 “contaminating pest”, “contamination” (2012-001) “Contaminating pest”: “A pest that is carried by present in or on a commodity, storage place, conveyance or container, and that, in the case of plants and plant products, does not infest them those plants or plant products” “Contamination”: “Presence of a contaminating pest or unintended presence of a regulated article in or on a commodity, storage place, conveyance or container, of pests or other regulated articles, not constituting an infestation (see infestation)”

Revisions (con’t) “Endangered area”: Some countries misunderstood the term “endangered area” to mean an environmentally protected area in the ecological conservation sense. In the IPPC context, “endangered area” is used only in relation to PRA. The definition now clearly states that the term refers to a PRA area. “Endangered area”: “An Part of all of the PRA area where ecological factors abiotic and biotic conditions favour the establishment of a pest whose presence in the that area will result in economically important loss” For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 2.2 “endangered area” (2014-009) “Endangered area”: “An Part of all of the PRA area where ecological factors abiotic and biotic conditions favour the establishment of a pest whose presence in the that area will result in economically important loss” Some countries misunderstood the term “endangered area” to mean an environmentally protected area in the ecological conservation sense. In the IPPC context, “endangered area” is used only in relation to PRA. The definition now clearly states that the term refers to a PRA area.

Revisions (con’t) “Quarantine”: The main purpose of quarantine should appear first. Pests and beneficial organisms may be kept in quarantine for the purpose of observation or research (e.g. ISPM 3). It is proposed to remove “further” in the definition because there may be cases where initial inspection, testing or treatment has not been carried out before the regulated article is placed in quarantine. “Quarantine”: “Official confinement of regulated articles for observation and research or for further inspection, testing or treatment, or of pests or beneficial organisms for observation or research” For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 2.3 “quarantine” (2015-002) “Quarantine”: “Official confinement of regulated articles for observation and research or for further inspection, testing or treatment, or of pests or beneficial organisms for observation or research” The main purpose of quarantine should appear first. Pests and beneficial organisms may be kept in quarantine for the purpose of observation or research (e.g. ISPM 3). It is proposed to remove “further” in the definition because there may be cases where initial inspection, testing or treatment has not been carried out before the regulated article is placed in quarantine.

Revisions (con’t) “Test”: The definition of “test” clearly separates such methods from “visual examination”. However, the definition does not exclude that “visual examination” may be done before or after testing. The mention “of plants, plant products, or other regulated articles” is added to clearly indicate that “inspection” and “testing” are two different methods on the same hierarchical level. “Test”: “Official examination of plants, plant products, or other regulated articles, other than visual, to determine if pests are present or to identify pests” For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 2.4 “test” (2015-003), “visual examination” (2013-010) “Test”: “Official examination of plants, plant products, or other regulated articles, other than visual, to determine if pests are present or to identify pests” The definition of “test” clearly separates such methods from “visual examination”. However, the definition does not exclude that “visual examination” may be done before or after testing. The mention “of plants, plant products, or other regulated articles” is added to clearly indicate that “inspection” and “testing” are two different methods on the same hierarchical level.

Revisions (con’t) “Visual examination”: This definition of “visual examination” should describe the process of visual examination, but not its purpose which is covered in the definition of “inspection”. Although “processing” is often necessary and more elaborate prior to “testing”, some simple processing (e.g. dying) may also be carried out prior to visual examination. The contrast to “testing” is already well covered under the definition of “test”. “Visual examination”: “The physical examination of plants, plant products, or other regulated articles using the unaided eye, lens, stereoscope or microscope to detect pests or contaminants without testing or processing” For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 2.4 “test” (2015-003), “visual examination” (2013-010) “Visual examination” “The physical examination of plants, plant products, or other regulated articles using the unaided eye, lens, stereoscope or microscope to detect pests or contaminants without testing or processing” This definition of “visual examination” should describe the process of visual examination, but not its purpose which is covered in the definition of “inspection”. Although “processing” is often necessary and more elaborate prior to “testing”, some simple processing (e.g. dying) may also be carried out prior to visual examination. The contrast to “testing” is already well covered under the definition of “test”.

Deletions “Kiln-drying”: “kiln-drying” is an industrial process without a specific IPPC meaning. It is used to meet quality requirements. When the process is used as a phytosanitary measure, it is a heat treatment method which should conform with a required heating schedule (e.g. see ISPM 15). In that case, it will be referred to as a “heat treatment” and not as “kiln-drying”. “Kiln-drying”: “A process in which wood is dried in a closed chamber using heat and/or humidity control to achieve a required moisture content” For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 3.1 “kiln-drying” (2013-006) “Kiln-drying”: “A process in which wood is dried in a closed chamber using heat and/or humidity control to achieve a required moisture content” “kiln-drying” is an industrial process without a specific IPPC meaning. It is used to meet quality requirements. When the process is used as a phytosanitary measure, it is a heat treatment method which should conform with a required heating schedule (e.g. see ISPM 15). In that case, it will be referred to as a “heat treatment” and not as “kiln-drying”.

Deletions (con’t) “Pre-clearance”: The current definition is not in accordance with the Convention as it indicates that phytosanitary certification can be performed by or under the regular supervision of the NPPO of the country of destination which is incorrect. “Pre-clearance” is currently used in many different countries with very different meanings, not allowing for international harmonization and agreement on a revised definition. “Pre-clearance” is only used three times in ISPM 20 and it is not used in the draft appendix to ISPM 20. “Pre-clearance”: “Phytosanitary certification and/or clearance in the country of origin, performed by or under the regular supervision of the national plant protection organization of the country of destination” For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 3.2 “pre-clearance” (2013-016) “Pre-clearance”: “Phytosanitary certification and/or clearance in the country of origin, performed by or under the regular supervision of the national plant protection organization of the country of destination” The current definition is not in accordance with the Convention as it indicates that phytosanitary certification can be performed by or under the regular supervision of the NPPO of the country of destination which is incorrect. “Pre-clearance” is currently used in many different countries with very different meanings, not allowing for international harmonization and agreement on a revised definition. “Pre-clearance” is only used three times in ISPM 20 and it is not used in the draft appendix to ISPM 20.

Thank you! For further comments on this term, please see document “Draft 2016 Amendments to ISPM 5”, point 3.2 “pre-clearance” (2013-016)