GOPALAN SKILL ACADEMY FIRST AID RESPONSE Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S (A Venture of Gopalan Foundation) #92/9, 3rd Floor , 80 Feet Road, 8th Block Kathriguppe. 3rd Phase, Banashankari 3rd stage, Bengaluru - 560 085, INDIA. FIRST AID RESPONSE Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Principles of first aid Preserve life: Airway Breathing Circulation Prevent deterioration: Stop bleeding Treat shock Treat other injuries Promote recovery: Reassure Relieve pain Handle with care Protect from harm Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Action in an emergency Assess dangers Make safe Give emergency aid Get help Clear up Look after yourself Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

The first person at the scene of an incident should: Danger Response Airway Breathing Circulation Make the area safe Reassure the casualty and bystanders Use bystanders to help Priorities and respond to the immediate needs of the casualty Send for help Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

As soon as possible: Inform next of kin, if possible Complete reports to include: Details of the incident Location of the incident Date and time of the incident Who was involved What was done Who was notified Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M Infection control If possible, wear disposable gloves, improvise with polythene bags or consider whether the casualty can help, eg apply pressure to bleeding. Remember: Wash your hands carefully afterwards. Clean surfaces with bleach diluted 1:10 with water. If possible, keep any minor wounds covered with a plaster. Buy and use a resuscitation face shield. Dispose of soiled items appropriately.

Recovery position Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Levels of consciousness A – Alert – will talk but may be drowsy. V – Responds to Voice – responds to simple commands, eg ‘open your eyes’, or may respond to simple questions. P – Responds to Pain – will react (eg make a noise) to a pinch on the back of the hand. U – Unresponsive – there is no response at all. Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Causes of unconsciousness: Fainting Asphyxia/hypoxia/ near drowning Imbalance of heat Asthma Shock Anaphylaxis Heart attack/ angina pectoris Poisoning Stroke Seizures Head injuries Diabetic emergencies Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Emergency life support for adults and children Primary survey Check for danger. 1 Check for response. Speak loudly and clearly to the casualty. Ask questions like ‘are you all right?’. If there is no response, shout for help. Do not leave the casualty.

Emergency life support for adults and children 2 Open the airway. 3 Check for normal breathing. Look, listen and feel.

Emergency life support for adults and children 4 If breathing normally, place in the recovery position. CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Emergency life support for adults and children For children It can be more beneficial to give five initial breaths followed by cycles of 30:2 compressions and breaths. One-handed compressions may be more suitable. Basic life support Carry out a primary survey: Danger Response Airway Breathing Circulation CALL THE EMERGENCY SERVICES Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Emergency life support for adults and children 1 If not breathing normally, start CPR with 30 chest compressions. 2 Open the airway.

Emergency life support for adults and children Continue with 30 compressions and two rescue breaths until: 3 Give two rescue breaths. Qualified help arrives to take over. The casualty starts to breathe normally. You become too exhausted to continue.

Chain of survival Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Shock: causes Fluid loss – bleeding, burns, severe diarrhoea or vomiting Cardiac problems – heart attack, electrocution Anaphylaxis – severe allergic reaction to stings, types of food, environmental features, poisons Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Shock: signs and symptoms Pale, cold, clammy skin Weak, dizzy, light-headed Nausea or vomiting Thirsty Yawning Anxiety or irrational behaviour Rapid, weak pulse Rapid, shallow breathing Dropping level of consciousness Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M Shock: treatment Treat the cause and prevent the condition getting worse by: Correct positioning of the casualty Reassurance Keeping the casualty fairly warm Monitoring breathing if necessary Do not give anything to eat or drink

Bleeding Direct pressure Elevate Dress Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M Bleeding Direct pressure Elevate Dress

Slings Elevation sling Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M Slings Elevation sling

Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M Slings Arm sling

Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M Choking

Heart attack position

Fractures

Nose bleeds

Duty of care for other people’s children Whilst first aiders would not normally give medication, youth leaders working with other people’s children have a duty of care equivalent to that of a ‘responsible parent’ They are often required to look after or carry medicines for young children and sometimes need to administer them Leaders should always seek parental permission before doing so Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M

First aid kits A guide to the contents of a kit: Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M First aid kits A guide to the contents of a kit: 1 pair of disposable non-latex protective gloves 20 individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings 2 sterile eye pads 4 individually wrapped triangular bandages, preferably sterile 6 safety pins 6 medium-sized (approximately 12cm x 12cm) individually wrapped sterile unmedicated wound dressings

Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M First aid kits Guidance leaflet (a leaflet supplied with the kit or that you make yourself which includes brief instructions on emergency treatment) You may like to include: Resuscitation shield Scissors Extra gloves Adhesive tape Steripods Individually wrapped moist cleaning wipes for the first aider’s hands

SAFETY FIRST IS SAFETY ALWAYS GOPALAN SKILL ACADEMY SAFETY FIRST IS SAFETY ALWAYS Dr. Rudresh Naik .M.R M.B.B.S Fr. Dilip Kumar .M