IMMUNE DISORDERS CHAPTER 18

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Presentation transcript:

IMMUNE DISORDERS CHAPTER 18 Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Immunological Tests Precipitin Precipitation Soluble Ab (IgG or IgM) and Ag Immunodiffusion Solid agar medium Zones of precipitation still seen Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Immunodiffusion Plates Immunoelectrophoresis Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Agglutination Test Insoluble Ag plus Ab cause clumping Easy to perform and read Direct agglutination Clumps bacterial cells Indirect agglutination tests Place Ab or Ag on artificial particles Latex spheres Clay particles Red blood cell clumping = hemagglutination Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Neutralization Test Ab binds a toxin active site or viral binding site during incubation, neutralizing cell-damaging effects The mix is placed over a cell layer in culture Absence of cytotoxic effects in culture indicates correct diagnosis Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Complement Fixation Test Ab/Ag complex competition Correct diagnosis can create an Ab/Ag complex able to inactivate complement When a second Ag/Ab complex with RBC is added no lysis of RBC occurs Incorrect diagnosis creates no Ag/Ab complex When a second Ag/Ab complex with RBC is added lysis of RBC occurs Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Tagged Antibody Tests Immunofluorescence Fluorescent dyes permit localization as well as diagnosis Radioimmunoassay Competition between patient titer and radiolabelled Ag from kit. Low radioactivity in final sample indicates correct diagnosis or high patient titer Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

ELISA Tests Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay Ab is tagged with enzyme Enzymatic color reaction is stimulated when productive Ab/Ag binding occurs Color change indicates correct diagnosis Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.