Lesson 10.2: The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration

Essential Question How did the Louisiana Purchase feed America’s need to continue its expansion across the continent?

VOCABULARY dilemma: a problem situation that requires a choice between equally undesirable solutions or that resists satisfactory solution. headwaters: the streams where a river originates (begins). expedition: an outing or journey taken for a specific purpose

What We Already Know Thomas Jefferson wanted America to remain a nation of small towns and independent farmers. He wanted to settle the vast lands and not crowd into cities like people had done in Europe.

What We Already Know The terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763 which marked the end of the French and Indian were harsh to losing France. The French surrendered all their territory in North America.

Prior to the Treaty of Paris BRITAN FRANCE DISPUTED SPAIN

The Treaty of Paris of 1763. BRITAN FRANCE DISPUTED SPAIN 1763

What We Already Know American settlers always had the desire to continue moving. Prior to the War of Independence, the British tried to limit westward expansion by issuing the Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting settlement west of the crest of the Appalachian Mountains

What We Already Know In 1800 the western boundary of the United States was the Mississippi River

The West in 1800 By 1800, thousands of settlers moved westward across the Appalachian Mountains. Into the Ohio River Valley and beyond. By 1800, Kentucky and Tennessee became states.

The West in 1800 As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power. An important issue for many settlers was the use of the Mississippi River and the port of New. Orleans. Westerners used the river and port to send their goods to east coast markets

The Louisiana Purchase Twice, once in 1784 and again in 1801 The Spanish government closed the port of New Orleans to Americans to discourage their movement west hoping to block them from moving to Spanish territory west of the Mississippi.

Napoleon and New Orleans Almost immediately after the second blockade, Spain, in a secret treaty, gave the Louisiana Territory to France in exchange for a principality in Italy that Napoleon had conquered.

Napoleon and New Orleans When details of the secret treaty became known, it both angered Jefferson and worried him. If Napoleon turned his aggression toward America, he could choke off western expansion by controlling New Orleans.

Napoleon and New Orleans With second blockade angry western settlers called for a war against Spain and France. To avoid war, Jefferson offered to purchase New Orleans for $2million.

Napoleon and New Orleans Jefferson’s offer of $2 million for New Orleans was rejected. When the offer was increased to $5 million, Napoleon, offered not only New Orleans, but the entire Louisiana Territory for $15 million.

Napoleon and New Orleans Napoleon had several reasons for selling the land. The first reason had to do with a profitable French colony in the Caribbean called Santo Domingo.

The Louisiana Purchase All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere. Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.

Napoleon and New Orleans In 1801, a slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture led a violent slave uprising against the French colonists.

Napoleon and New Orleans Even though napoleon sent in his most elite troops, he was unable to put down the revolt. Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon. (L’Ouverture won the revolution and renamed the colony The Republic of Haiti.)

Napoleon and New Orleans Napoleon also feared he might lose New Orleans to the aggressive American settlers. It would be better to sell it than have it be over-run by American settlers.

Napoleon and New Orleans Napoleon also was involved in a costly war with Britain. He decided he needed money more than he needed Louisiana.

The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson has a dilemma. As a strict Constitutionalist, Jefferson did not believe he alone had the authority to make the greatest land deal in history. On April 30. 1803, the Senate approved the purchase, nearly doubling the size of the country.

Get your sticks ready.

In 1803, New Orleans was important to the Americans… A. because it guarded the entrance to the Mississippi river. B. because it was a port city for farmers and merchants living in the Ohio Valley. C. because it was easy to defend in case of war. D. because it was a major banking and manufacturing center.

Jefferson questioned his right to buy the Louisiana Territory… A. because he already submitted his budget to Congress and there was no mention of the Louisiana purchase. B. because he did not want to be forced to raise taxes to pay for the purchase. C. because there was no provision in the constitution giving the President the authority tp purchase land. D. because he believed the land still rightfully belonged to Spain.

By 1797, the western boundary of the United States was… A. the Pacific Ocean B. the Appalachian Mountains C. the Mississippi River D. the Rocky Mountains E. east Texas

Which was NOT a factor in Napoleon’s decision to sell the Louisiana Territory? A. a slave revolt in Santo Domingo (Haiti) B. the cost of the war in Europe C. the fact the land was not suited for growing any of the major cash crops of cotton, tobacco or sugar. D. the fear of having the territory overrun by American settlers.

Lewis and Clark Expedition After purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France, Jefferson commissioned an expedition to explore it. He chose Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition.

Lewis and Clark Expedition Lewis chose his old friend Lieutenant William Clark to put together a volunteer force for the trip. Clark was skilled as a mapmaker and outdoorsman. The expedition called itself the Corps of Discovery

Lewis and Clark Explore One member of the expedition was York, Clark’s African-American slave. York’s hunting skills won him many admirers among the Native Americans met by the explorers. The first black man that many Indians had ever seen, York became something of a celebrity among them.

Lewis and Clark Expedition Lewis and Clark spent several weeks gathering a group of volunteers. In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.

Lewis and Clark Expedition The mission: use the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a water route to the Pacific establish good relations with Native Americans along the way. write scientific accounts of the landscapes, plants, and animals they saw.

Lewis and Clark Expedition By winter, the explorers had reached North Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians. In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman.

Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacagawea’s, language skills and knowledge of geography helped the expedition greatly. As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky Mountains, Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone lands.

Lewis and Clark Expedition When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister. With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains.

Lewis and Clark Expedition Expedition safely crossed the Rocky Mountains. When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister. With the help of the Shoshone, the

Lewis and Clark Expedition After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery then journeyed to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805. They spent a long, rain-soaked winter before starting back to St. Louis the next spring.

Lewis and Clark Expedition In 1806, the explorers journeyed back to St Louis bringing with them valuable scientific and geographic information

Pike’s Expedition In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore southern areas of the Louisiana territory. Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory. Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward the Rocky Mountains, then turned south.

Pike’s Expedition Hoping to run into the Red River, they instead ran into the Rio Grande, in Spanish territory. They were arrested by Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807. They returned with important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.

Get your sticks ready.

Which was not one of he three major goals of Lewis and Clark? A. attempt to discover a water route to the Pacific. B. start a settlement along the Pacific coast. C. establish good relations with the Native Americans along the way. D. made as many scientific observations about the land, plants and animals.

(Choose all that are correct.) Sacagawea helped Lewis and Clark… A. find a way back to the Missouri river on their way home. B. by preventing Lewis and Clark from execution by the Shoshone. C. by helping them find the safest route over the Rocky Mountains. D. by using her language skills and knowledge of the land. (Choose all that are correct.)

Zebulon Pike’s expedition… A. was to explore the northern region of the Louisiana Territory and find the headwaters of the Ohio and Missouri Rivers. B. was to explore the southern region of the Louisiana Territory and find the headwaters of the Red and Arkansas Rivers. C. was to explore the Rocky Mountains and locate the highest peak in the mountain range. D. was to explore the Rio Grande River and map out as much of eh Grand Canyon as time would allow.