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Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)

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Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.172 Figure 1 Immune-mediated attack on Schwann cells and axons in Guillain–Barré syndrome Figure 1 | Immune-mediated attack on Schwann cells and axons in Guillain–Barré syndrome. a | Deposition of the complement product C3d (black) on the outer surface of two fibres (asterisks) from a patient with autoimmune demyelinating acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). b | Extensive vesiculation of the myelin sheath in the same patient with AIDP (black arrows indicate normal compacted myelin; white arrows indicate abnormal vesiculation of myelin). c | Macrophages containing fatty myelin debris are associated with a demyelinated fibre from the same patient with AIDP, highlighting the central role inflammatory cells play in the pathogenesis of AIDP. (Asterisks label the axon; macrophages labelled with m). d | C3d deposition (arrow) at the node of Ranvier in the ventral root in a patient with acute motor axon neuropathy (AMAN). e | Node of Ranvier (arrow) on the ventral root, with visible nodal lengthening and two overlying macrophages (arrowheads) in a patient with AMAN. f | A macrophage (m) in the internodal axon (a) beginning to extend processes towards the periaxonal space (black arrows). Parts a, b and c modified with permission from John Wiley and Sons © Hafer-Macko, C. E. et al. Ann. Neurol. 39, 625–635 (1996). Part d modified with permission from Annual Reviews © Ho, T. W. et al. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21, 187–226 (1998). Parts e and f modified with permission from Springer © Griffin, J. W. et al. J. Neurocytol. 25, 33–51 (1996). Parts a, b and c modified with permission from John Wiley and Sons © Hafer-Macko, C. E. et al. Ann. Neurol. 39, 625–635 (1996). Part d modified with permission from Annual Reviews © Ho, T. W. et al. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 21, 187–226 (1998). Parts e and f modified with permission from Springer © Griffin, J. W. et al. J. Neurocytol. 25, 33–51 (1996). Goodfellow, J. A. & Willison, H. J. (2016) Guillain–Barré syndrome: a century of progress Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.172