4th and 5th Declension & Ablative Uses Chapters 20 & 22

Ablative of Place From Which Almost always involves a verb of motion from one place to another Almost always uses ab, de, or ex Ex: nauta ab Italiā ad Graeciam navigavit.

Ablative of Separation No active movement of location Implies that someone or something is separated from another Sometimes there is no preposition, especially with verbs meaning “to lack,” “to free,” or “to deprive” When there is a preposition, it is ab, ex, or de Ex: vir pecuniā caret.

Ablative of Place Where Usually in or sub with a noun in the ablative that describes where something or someone is, or where something is done Ex: Vir in parvā casā legit.

Summary of Ablative Uses with a preposition accompaniment (w/ cum) manner (w/ cum) place where (in and sub) place from which (ab, de, ex) separation (ab, de, ex) personal agent (ab) cardinal numbers to indicate a group of which some part is specified (ex, de) without a preposition means/instrument manner time when time within which separation (esp w/ ideas of freeing, lacking, depriving)

Fourth Declension Has genitive in –ūs Most of the nouns are masculine Some feminine (eg manus, domus) Few neuters (nom. ending in -ū) The characteristic ‘u’ appears in all endings except dat/abl pl

Fourth Declension M/F Sg Pl Nom -us -ūs Gen -uum Dat -uī -ibus Acc -um Abl -ū N Sg Pl Nom -ū -ua Gen -ūs -uum Dat -ibus Acc Abl

Fifth Declension Genitive in –ēī or –eī (‘e’ long when preceeded by vowel eg diēī, but reī) All the nouns of this declension are feminine except diēs and merīdiēs, which are masc Sg Pl Nom -ēs Gen -ēī, -eī -ērum Dat -ēbus Acc -em Abl -ē