Role of IACS in Arctic shipping Past, present and future role of IACS and individual classification societies in Arctic shipping Morten Mejlænder-Larsen, DNV Maritime Symposium on Coastal State Regulation of Marine Shipping, Tromsø 31 October 2008

Content DNV focus on Arctic The Class Concept IMO Guideline for ships operating in Arctic ice-covered waters IACS IACS organisation Relation between Class Societies and IACS Implementation of IACS Unified Polar Rules © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

DNV-Arctic Focus 25% of known oil and gas resources located in the cold areas Russia has become the largest exporter of oil and a major exporter of gas Increased export of oil and minerals from ice infested waters Ship operations in Cold Climate will require: specially designed ships and equipment crew with experience Implementation of Polar Class rules, referred to in the IMO Guideline © Photo Arnstein Moen © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

R = P x C North Sea/World wide Arctic R R Ex. Maritime Risk: Collision with other vessel Contact Fire/explosion Structural failure Grounding Collision with installation Collision during Ship To Ship (STS) approach Accidental oil spill during loading/unloading Additional risk © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

-but less ice, higher risk INSROP (1999) Suez Canal Strait of Malacca Year- round Navigation The ice is melting..... -but less ice, higher risk Distance (Nautical Miles) Hamburg to Yokohama: Northern Sea Route ~ 6,920 Suez Canal ~ 11,073 Panama Canal ~ 12,420 Cape of Good Hope ~ 14,542

Ice Rule Development in DNV 1871, §19 First Rules including requirements for ice-reinforcement: Frames: Additional frames in the bow region. Plate thickness: Increased thickness in bow 1960, Several ice classes introduced, in conformity with Finnish-Swedish ice regulations 1988, Rules for ”Vessels for Arctic and Icebreaking Service” implemented into the DNV Rules for Classification of Ships 2008, Polar Classes implemented into the DNV Rules for Classification of Ships, based on IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Ships ”Fram” was built to survive arctic drift by Fridtjof Nansen, who used the ship on his expedition 1893 to 1896. © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Scope of classification Based on published rules, the classification process consists of: Approval of design Attendance at the construction to verify that the vessel is constructed in accordance with the classification rules Upon satisfactory completion of the above, a certificate of classification will be issued © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Scope of classification Once in service, periodical class surveys are carried out Class rules do not cover every piece of structure or item of equipment on board a vessel, nor do they cover operational elements. © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

DNV classification services in Cold Climate Mandatory Class/Statutory (basic) Hull strength/fatigue Corrosion Coating Machinery SOLAS/MARPOL/LL Normally required Ice Class Baltic/Arctic Ice strengthening - Rudder/ stock - Hull - Propeller/ shaft ME output Sea chest arr. Ballast water anti freezing WINTERIZED ARCTIC (material °C, extreme °C) Built to ARCTIC or ICEBREAKER class Requirements to CP propeller, or diesel/electric Two engine rooms for Power, AUX, and heating Helicopter landing facilities Life saving and navigation equip certified for low temperatures Human factors Comfort class - Noise - Vibrations - Indoor climate WINTERIZED COLD (material °C, extreme °C) Built to BALTIC or ARCTIC ice class Requirements to location of safety equipment Requirements to steel grades, DAT(-xx) notation WINTERIZED BASIC Arrangements for anti-icing and de-icing Heating of spaces with important equipment Arrangements and location of generator capacity © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Winterisation Winterisation for health Winterisation for safety Hydro Winterisation for health Physical effects such as fatigue, frostbite, hypothermia Winterisation for safety Safety-critical equipment and systems Winterisation for operability Systems to maintain the functionality of desired operations © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

IMO Guidelines for Ships Operating in Arctic Ice-Covered Waters Prompted by the disaster of Exxon Valdez (1989), IMO started working on a unified code for navigation in polar waters Goal: Harmonize regulations for Arctic Shipping in polar waters In 2002 the Marine Safety Committee (MSC) and the Marine Environment Committee (MEPC) approved Guidelines for ships operating in Arctic ice-covered waters (MSC/Circ.1056 –MEPC/Circ.399). Still voluntary, however the guideline represent an important step towards improved regulatory framework for shipping in ice-infested waters © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

The IMO Arctic Guidelines PART A: Construction provisions - Structures (reference to IACS Unified Requirements for Polar ships) - Substructures and stability - Accommodation and escape measures - Directional control systems - Anchoring and towing arrangements - Main machinery - Auxiliary machinery systems - Electrical installations PART B: Equipment - Fire fighting - Life saving appliances - Navigational equipments PART C: Operational - Operational guidelines - Crewing - Emergency equipment PART D Environmental protection and damage control - Environmental protection and damage control The work commenced in the mid to late 1980’s and the guidelines were finally approved by MEPC and MSC in 2002 and published as MSC Circ 1056 and MEPC Circ 399 in 2002. The original idea, to establish a polar code of shipping did not get support at that time, probably because of lack of support for establishing rules that could become mandatory at that point in time. Ships operating in the Arctic environment are exposed to a number of unique risks. Poor weather conditions and the relative lack of good charts, communication systems and other navigational aids pose challenges for mariners. The remoteness of the areas makes rescue or clean-up operations difficult and costly. Cold temperatures may reduce the effectiveness of numerous components of the ship, ranging from deck machinery and emergency equipment to sea suctions. When ice is present, it can impose additional loads on the hull, propulsion system and appendages. The Guidelines address the fact that the Arctic environment imposes additional demands on ship systems, including navigation, communications, life-saving, main and auxiliary machinery, etc. They emphasize the need to ensure that all ship systems are capable of functioning effectively under anticipated operating conditions and providing adequate levels of safety in accident and emergency situations. © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

IACS Unified Requirements UR I1-I3 Specify application of structural and machinery requirements Provide descriptions of polar classes to convey differences with respect to operational capability and strength No requirements included in UR I1 Applicable to any ship opeating in ice-infested polar waters, including Icebreakers UR I2 Structural requirements to enable polar class ships to withstand global and local ice loads, as well as temperature, characteristic of their polar class Plating, framing, plated structures and hull girder Material requirements, corrosion/abrasion allowances Hull appendages, stem and stern frames UR I3 Propeller ice interaction loads Structural requirements for propeller, machinery components and system Implemented into DNV Rules from March 2008 © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

International Association of Classification Societies IACS International Association of Classification Societies Dedicated to safe ships and clean seas, IACS members make a unique contribution to maritime safety and regulation through technical support, compliance verification and research and development. More than 90% of the world's cargo carrying tonnage is covered by the classification design, construction and through-life compliance rules and standards set by the ten Member Societies and one Associate of IACS. © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

IACS Member Societies © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

IACS organisation chart IACS Council EG/LAW EG/GBS Permanent Secretariat Quality Committee Quality Secretariat General Policy Group EG/FSA EG/NCSR EG/Data EG/Coating EG/ILO On hold, until further notice Hull Panel Machinery Panel Statutory Panel Survey Panel EG/ISM ISPS Project team Project team Project team Project team © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

IACS bodies explained Council General Policy Group [GPG] The Council is the political governing body of the Association and consists of one representative of each Member Society. General Policy Group [GPG] The GPG is the technical governing body of the Association and consists of one representative of each Member Society Permanent Secretary Is the chief administrative officer of the Association and shall be responsible for the efficient day to day running of the Permanent Secretariat Permanent Secretariat Provides administrative support to the members and management support to the Chair Quality Secretariat Responsible for the assessment of each member with respect to compliance with QSCS. Small Groups [SG] A working group, established by Council to deal with a specific task. Expert Groups [EG] A working group, established by Council or GPG to advise on a specialised area of work of classification societies. Panels A Permanent working group established by Council or GPG related to specific areas of the technical work of classification societies. Project Team A temporary working group established under a Panel to deal with specific tasks. Quality Committee Is the governing body of the Quality System Certification Scheme. The Quality Committee shall consist of one representative from each Member. © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Areas of competence of IACS Panels Hull Panel Machinery Panel Statutory Panel Survey Panel Strength Materials/Welding Wave data/Sea loads DSA Drilling units Polar ships Hull damage Containers Mooring/Anchoring RoRo Safety Machinery Electric systems Computers Polar Ship Machinery Subdivision, stability and load lines Fire protection and safety Bulk liquid, gases and marine pollution Exhaust emission control ISM Code ISPS Life saving appliances Bridge equipment etc. ILO Survey, reporting and certification Certification of materials and equipment New construction survey requirements PR 1A (ToC) PR 2 (EWS) Note 1: Each Panel is composed of one member from each Society Note 2: Panel Chairmen participate in some GPG meetings Note 3: Panel Chairmen and their secretariats are financed by IACS members © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

GUIDELINES FOR SHIPS OPERATING IN ARCTIC ICE-COVERED WATERS © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Ice Class Notations Baltic Polar Class PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 ICE-1A* PC6 Year-round operation in all Polar waters PC2 Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions PC3 Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year inclusions PC4 Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions PC5 Year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 1.0 m first year ice ICE-1A* PC6 Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 0.8 m first year ice ICE-1A PC7 Summer/autumn operation in thin first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 0.6 m first year ice ICE-1B -PC1 to PC6 may be assigned additional notation ICEBREAKER 0.4 m first year ice ICE-1C © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Ice Class Notations Baltic Polar Class PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 ICE-1A* PC6 KV Svalbard Baltic Polar Class PC1 Year-round operation in all Polar waters PC2 Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions PC3 Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year inclusions PC4 Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions PC5 Year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 1.0 m first year ice ICE-1A* PC6 Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 0.8 m first year ice ICE-1A PC7 Summer/autumn operation in thin first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 0.6 m first year ice ICE-1B -PC1 to PC6 may be assigned additional notation ICEBREAKER 0.4 m first year ice ICE-1C Photo: FMA Photo: Silja Line MS NordNorge © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Ice Class Notations Baltic Polar Class PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 ICE-1A* PC6 Year-round operation in all Polar waters PC2 Year-round operation in moderate multi-year ice conditions PC3 Year-round operation in second-year ice which may include multi-year inclusions PC4 Year-round operation in thick first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions PC5 Year-round operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 1.0 m first year ice ICE-1A* PC6 Summer/autumn operation in medium first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 0.8 m first year ice ICE-1A PC7 Summer/autumn operation in thin first-year ice which may include old ice inclusions 0.6 m first year ice ICE-1B -PC1 to PC6 may be assigned additional notation ICEBREAKER 0.4 m first year ice ICE-1C © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

Ship-shaped offshore units Mobile Offshore Units Drill and production ships Floating production FPSO, FSO Floating Offshore Offshore Ship Prirazlomnoye Stena StatoilHydro © Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved 10 November 2018

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