BOWEL AND URINE ELIMINATION Part 1 Urine Elimination Anuria Dysuria Enuresis Frequency Hesitancy Incontinence Nocturia

KEY TERMS (Urine) Anuria Dysuria Enuresis Frequency Hesitancy Incontinence Nocturia Anuria Dysuria Enuresis Hesitancy Incontinence Nocturia

Anatomy of the Urinary System Kidneys Bladder Ureters Urethra Act of micturition Kidneys Bladder Ureters urethra

Physiology of the Urinary System Function: KIDNEYS URETERS BLADDER URETHRA ACT OF MICTURITION

Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination Developmental Considerations Food and Fluid Life Style Psychological Variables Activity and Muscle Tone Pathologic Conditions Medications

Assessment Data (Urinary Elimination) Subjective data Objective data Diagnostic data Assess urinary elimination, using appropriate interview questions and physical assessment skills

URINE SPECIMENS (TYPES) ROUTINE URINALYSIS CLEAN CATCH MID-STREAM TIMED CATHETERIZED GROUP ACTIVITY:

BOWEL ELIMINATION Key Terms

KEY TERMS (BOWEL ELIMINATION) BOWEL MOVEMENT (BM) CONSTIPATION DIARRHEA ENEMA FECES FLATULENCE

BOWEL ELIMINATION (key terms con’t) Flatus Impaction (fecal) Incontinence (fecal) Occult blood Peristalsis Stool

Factors influencing bowel elimination (con’t)

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF BOWEL ELIMINATION

Anatomy of bowel elimination Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine large intestine

Large Intestine: Function Innervation Peristalsis The normal urge Defecation

Factors Influence Bowel Elimination Usual patterns Food/fluid intake Activity level/muscle tone Life-style Psychological variables Pathological conditions Medications

Factors influencing bowel elimination (con’t) Diagnostic tests Surgery/anesthesia Irritants pain

Assessing bowel elimination need: Subjective data Objective data Diagnostic studies Radiographic studies Diagnostic studies: EGD COLONOSCOPY PROCTOSCOPE NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

CLIENT TEACHING NEEDS R/T BOWEL ELIMINATION Use of cathartics, laxatives Perceived constipation Toilet training (rediness) Need for enemas Hygiene Ostomies (ostomy care) Bowel and bladder training

Nursing interventions to relieve flatulence Diet Activity Rectal tube

Drugs affecting bowel elimination; Absorbents Anticholinergics and opiates Antibiotics Antidiarrheals Nursing implications (General for all antidiarrheals) Client teaching

Cathartics and laxatives: Physiological action: What’s the difference? Physiological action: six groups at least