The French Revolutions Age of Metternich 1815-1848 Special Fonts: Biblo Display Black Chancery DavysOtherWingdings Edwardian Script ITC

THE RESTORATION 1814-1830 Restoration of the Bourbons Louis XVIII (1814-1824) Classical Liberalist CHARTER of 1814 Bi-cameral legislature, civil liberties, religious toleration

THE RESTORATION Executive Branch – King Legislative Branch – Chamber of Peers, Chamber of Deputies (new privileged class) Equality of Opportunity CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY WEALTH = POLITICAL WISDOM

THE RESTORATION CHARLES X (1824-1830) Political Party – ULTRAS Ultra Royalists Absolute Tried to move France to the Right July 26, 1830 – JULY ORDINANCES Voting restricted 100,000 – 25,000

CHARLES X Dissolved Parliament Strict censorship imposed Changed the voting laws to assure a conservative victory

FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1830 July 27,28,29 1830 The Three Glorious Days – JULY REVOLUTION Barricades went up, rioting in the streets, workers, students, petty bourgeoisie Death toll 700 Charles X abdicated Generally, workers wanted more freedom, Bourgeoisie satisfied with Charter 1814

THE JULY MONARCHY Louis Philippe (1830-1848) Duke of Orleans – Grandson of Charles X Vote by Parliament – Assistance of General Lafayette Bourgeois Monarchy “Citizen King”

LOUIS PHILIPPE Led a bourgeoisie life Wore a business suit, carried an umbrella, briefcase Hand Shake – common people Press Censorship abolished King ruled by the will of the people not God Property qualifications reduced Tricolor replaces Bourbon flag The gov’t was under the control of the wealthy middle class

FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 ISSUE – VOTING RIGHTS Francis Guizot “Get Rich” “Work and grow rich, the you will become voters” Feb 22 – Banquet scheduled by reformers – Government response – CANCELLED Barricades went up – rioting in the streets Feb. 24 Louise Philippe abdicated Chamber of Deputies established a Provisional Government 10 men Executive Branch Constituent Assembly – Write a New Constitution

FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 FRANCE DIVIDED Alphonse Lamartine – Democrats 7 of 10 men on the Executive Committee Louis Blanc – Socialist 3 of 10 men on the Executive Committee – “RIGHT TO WORK” Workers supported Blanc – wanted social and economic reform Used the red flag instead of the tricolor SOCIALISM – state supported collectivist manufacturing “NATIONAL WORKSHOPS”

NATIONAL WORKSHOPS Provisional Gov’t Political concession to Workers “unemployment relief” Many workers moved to Paris April 23, 1848 Constituent Assembly – elected universal manhood suffrage Mid – June 200,000 workers National Workshops – out of jobs and money

FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1848 June 21, 1848 National Workshops dissolved Workers 3 CHOICES – military, workshops in provinces, or forced out of Paris THE BLOODY JUNE DAYS June 24-26 1848 Class Warfare – Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat Martial Law declared by the Constituent Assembly

Les Misérables Victor Hugo (1862) The Miserable Ones, The Poor Ones Based on the events of the “Bloody June Days” Insurrection by the WORKERS

THE SECOND FRENCH REPUBLIC 1848-1852 New Constitution Executive Branch – President Legislative Assembly Dec. 1848 Elections = Napoleon III “LAW AND ORDER”

NAPOLEON III Nephew of Napoleon I Success largely due to his name Limited to one 4 year term Dec. 1851 orchestrated a coup Legislative Assembly dissolved Jan 1852 Plebiscite – people of France overwhelming vote yes Napoleon III – EMPEROR Ideologically? A shift to the?

SECOND EMPIRE 1852-1870 EMPEROR NAPOLEON III Authoritarian - Dictatorial rule France – Napoleon III pivotal role in the unification of both Italy and Germany Genuine idealism and liberalism / ruthless authoritarianism Abdicates 1870 – Franco-Prussian War

THE PARIS COMMUNE

THE PARIS COMMUNE 1871 Commune = local authority (council) Anarchists and Socialists seize power Chaos defeat by Prussians Hailed as first time working class takes power Socialist RED FLAG

ALSACE-LORRAINE

THE THIRD REPUBLIC 1871-1940 Instability Anarchists,Socialists, Communists, Orleanists, Bonapartists, Legitimists Coalition gov’t Scandals

French Colonial Empire The empire set up under the 3rd Republic was the greatest France had ever possessed. Ironically, two-thirds of the missionary priests outside Europe were French! By 1914, France was the second largest colonial power in the world and the largest in Africa.

France’s Colonial Empire

THE DREYFUS AFFAIR 1894 Jewish Captain Charged – German Spy Emile Zola – “J’accuse” Divided the Nation One Common shared value HATRED FOR GERMANY

THE ZIONIST MOVEMENT Theodore Herzl (1860-1904) Dreyfus affair Book- Der Judenstaat, or The Jewish State in 1896. “Father of Modern Zionism.”

URBANIZATION Baron Haussman – (1809-1891) Rebuilding of Paris (Napoleon III) Sewer system, bridges, “boulevards” Gustave Eiffel 1889

EIFFEL TOWER 2 Years 2 months and five days to complete 984 ft. tall Repainted every 7 years 1665 steps / elevator Weighs 7,000 tons Dark Brown Paint Color 20,000 light bulbs – 5,000 per side

FRANCE TO PRESENT Vichy France (1940-1944) – WWII Provisional Government (1944-1947) Fourth Republic (1947-1958) – Algerian riots (1958) Charles de Gaulle – 1st President of the 5th Republic (1958-1969) Jacque Chirac (1995-2008)

NICHOLAS SARKOZY (b. 1955 ) President 2007 Lawyer, Mayor, Interior Minister Defeated Socialist Candidate – 6th president of the Fifth Republic Center-Right – Union for a Popular Movement Party “A New France is Coming” Pro-American