Random Cycle Generator plan and progress report (kick-off on 14 January 2014)

Random Cycle Generator Random Cycle Generator chassis dynamometer test cycle for common driving behaviour Cycles for laboratory tests for RDE legislation, i.e., PM/PN emissions Markov chain approach Based on previous work for HD test cycles Covering all driving behaviour, as defined in WLTP database Limit to physical capabilities of the vehicle

Markov chain approach Given the driving behaviour “state”: velocity Random Cycle Generator Markov chain approach Given the driving behaviour “state”: velocity e.g., average velocity over past 120 seconds past acceleration etc. change velocity for the next second based on probabilities for change of current state to the new state update the state return to step 1

RCG components vehicle information spanning factors WLTP database Random Cycle Generator RCG components vehicle information spanning factors for short cycles: amount of variation per cycle this meeting: RDE-LDV 3 Feb. WLTP database probabilities of driving behaviour random cycle generator constraints and boundary conditions data received from Heinz Steven 29 January cycle validation driving cycles check testing (outside project scope) method validation

Input to the random cycle generator examples: Input to the random cycle generator Prated = 82 kW M = 1412 kg F0 = 153 N F1 = 0.54 N/[km/h] F2 = 0.056 N/[km/h]2 physical vehicle limitations based on type-approval data: test mass rated power road-load values chassis dynamometer restrictions (optional) avoiding tyre slip, by limiting maximal deceleration cycle limitations: (optional) total duration (# seconds) percentages, and order, of urban/rural/motorway(/ex) amin > - 2 m/s2 Ncycle = 1800 sec urban  rural  motorway urban = 27% [distance] rural = 31% [distance]

Translation of physical vehicle limitations to cycle Random Cycle Generator Translation of physical vehicle limitations to cycle drivability buffer of 10% (WLTP) power at the wheels, from coast down (WLTP) general force equation: 0.9*3.6*Prated/v > (M*a + F0 + F1 * v + F2 * v2) “Power capping” at higher velocities: (v > 50 km/h) if P > 0.9*Prated set P at 0.9*Prated If v < 50 km/h, engine speed and gear limit the accelerations: “Acceleration capping” at low velocities, based on power at 50 km/h: a < amax = (0.9*3.6*Prated/50 - (F0 + F1 * 50 + F2 * 2500))/M if a > amax  set a = amax for example: 80 kW, 350 N@ 50km/h and 1400 kg  amax = 3.45 m/s2 50 a v