I will understand the process of photosynthesis. MT: Chemical Reactions and Cell Processes I will understand the process of photosynthesis.

What organisms go through photosynthesis? Producers/autotrophs, such as plants, trees, algae, some bacteria

Where does photosynthesis take place? In the chloroplasts of plant cells found in the leaves! Plant Plant Cell Chloroplast

Parts of a Chloroplast Stroma (fluid) Thylakoid (single sac) Granum Outer Membrane Inner Membrane

Chloroplasts have chlorophyll Chlorophyll is a green pigment that reacts to sunlight by transferring energy to e- (electrons) Makes chloroplasts and plants look green Reflect green light waves from the sun

Photosynthesis Process that uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars (glucose) and oxygen.

If you were making a cake, what would the… Reactants be? flour eggs sugar water etc Product be? a cake!

Photosynthesis Eqn: sugar (glucose) carbon dioxide water oxygen Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 sugar (glucose) carbon dioxide water oxygen

Photosynthesis Chemical Eqn: Sunlight + 6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2 sugar (glucose) carbon dioxide water oxygen Reactants “what is used” Products “what is made”

Light-Dependent Reaction Light-Independent Reaction AKA Calvin Cycle Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reaction Light-Independent Reaction AKA Calvin Cycle - Occurs in thylakoid membrane - sunlight is required O2 is produced from water e- fuel many reactions by going through Electron Transport Chain - Occurs in stroma sunlight is NOT required Glucose is produced from CO2

Light-dependent Reaction

Steps of Light Dependent Rxn: 4. e- travel through the electron transport chain and force H+ into the thylakoid 3. O2 released from plant and H+ stays inside the thylakoid 2. Spinning e- split water into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H+) 1. Sunlight hits electrons (e-) orbiting photosystem II causing e- to spin faster

Steps of Light Dependent Rxn: 9. ATP, NADPH are now floating in stroma (ready for light indepentent reaction) 8. Causes ATP Synthase to rotate which provides energy for ADP and a Phospate to join and create ATP (enerygy) 7. H+ are hypertonic inside the thylakoid so they diffuse through the ATP Synthase 6. e- continue to travel through electron transport chain and end with joining H+ and NAD+ to make NADPH 5. When e- reaches photosystem I, the e- are reenergized by the sunlight

Light-independent Reaction CO2 RuBP PGA PGAL Light-independent Reaction

Steps of Light Independent Rxn: 4. Other PGALs leave the chloroplast into the cytoplasm of the plant cell to combine with other PGALs to become glucose 3. Some PGALs stay in stroma and recombine with other PGALs to make RuBP again 2. PGA gets energy from NADPH and ATP (from the light dependent reaction) and is renamed PGAL 1. Carbon dioxide (CO2) combines with RuBP (5 carbons) and split in half to form 2 PGA (3 carbons) molecules

Where does the energy for the reactions in photosynthesis come from? e- from chlorophyll NADPH and ATP formed in Light Dependent reaction

Factors that affect photosynthesis 1. Water – needed to start the LD reaction 2. Temperature – proteins work best between 0-35 degrees Celcius 3. Light – need light to excite e- in chlorophyll

Photosynthesis Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4s8x1KLMzL0