Environmental Microbiology

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Presentation transcript:

Environmental Microbiology Chapter 27, part A Environmental Microbiology

Metabolic Diversity Microbes live a variety of habitats because of their abilities: To use a variety of carbon & energy sources To grow under different physical conditions Extremophiles live in extreme pH Temperature Salinity

Mycorrhizae Fungi living in close association with plant roots Extend surface area of roots Figure 27.1

Commercial Uses of Mycorrhizae Figure 27.2

Biogeochemical Cycles Recycling (oxidation and reduction) of chemical elements

The Carbon Cycle Figure 27.3

The Nitrogen Cycle Figure 27.4

Nitrogen Cycle Proteins and waste products Amino acids Microbial decomposition Proteins and waste products Amino acids Microbial ammonification Amino acids (–NH2) Ammonia (NH3) Nitrosomonas Ammonium ion (NH4+) Nitrite ion (NO2- ) Nitrobacter Nitrite ion (NO2-) Nitrate ion (NO3- ) Pseudmonas Nitrate ion (NO3-) N2 Nitrogen - fixation N2 Ammonia (NH3)

Formation of a Root Nodule Figure 27.5

The Sulfur Cycle Figure 27.7

Sulfur Cycle Proteins and waste products Amino acids Amino acids (–SH) Microbial decomposition Proteins and waste products Amino acids Microbial dissimilation Amino acids (–SH) H2S Thiobacillus H2S SO42– (for energy) Microbial & plant assimilation SO42– Amino acids

Life Without Sunshine Primary producers in most ecosystems are photoautotrophs Primary producers in deep ocean and endolithic communities are chemoautotrophic bacteria H2S SO42– Provides energy for bacteria which may be used to fix CO2 Calvin Cycle CO2 Sugars Provides carbon for cell growth

The Phosphorous Cycle

Degradation of Synthetic Chemicals Natural organic matter is easily degraded by microbes Xenobiotics are resistant to degradation

Decomposition by Microbes Figure 27.8

Decomposition by Microbes Bioremediation Use of microbes to detoxify or degrade pollutants; enhanced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer Bioaugmentation Addition of specific microbes to degrade of pollutant Composting Arranging organic waste to promote microbial degradation Figure 27.9

Decomposition by Microbes Figure 27.10

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